Crystal structure of soybean

Adachi, M., Takenaka, Y., Gidamis, A.B., Mikami, B., and Utsumi S. 2001. Crystal structure of soybean proglycinin AlaBlb homotrimer. J Mol Biol 305 291-305. 

Solanum (potato) Kunitz PEPs inhibit the aspartic protease cathepsin D as well as trypsin [125-134] and potato cysteine protease inhibitor (PCPI) inhibits a variety of cysteine proteases [185-188]. The crystal structures of soybean trypsin inhibitor (STI) [362, 368] and of Erythrina trypsin inhibitor (ETI) [350] have been determined. The structure of this type of plant Kunitz serine PIP involves a [3-barrel formed by 6 loop-linked antiparallel [3-strands with a lid formed by 6 further loop-linked antiparallel [3-strands. The scissile bond is located within a loop that extends out from the surface of the [3-barrel [350, 362, 368]. 

The primary function of APX is to rid plant cells of toxic peroxides by using ascorbate as the reducing substrate. Pea cytosolic APX is the most thoroughly studied APX and was the first APX crystal stmcture determined." This now has been followed by the crystal structures of soybean cytosohc and tobacco stromal APX. The overall fold of APX is very similar to CcP except that APX is smaller and contains 250 residues compared to 294 in CcP. The main difference is that APX lacks the /3-sheet structure in CcP. APX also exists as a homodimer. 

One observation raises the question of whether enough is known about the carbonium-ion lifetime in enzymic sites to be certain that it is always as short as estimated for reactions in water. The crystal structure of soybean beta-amylase complexed either with /8-maltose or maltal shows features strongly suggesting that the reaction center is shielded from solvent.101 A mechanism involving a carbonium-ion transition state with C-l unsubstituted and subject to attack by a structurally positioned water molecule, to form a product of /3-configurat.ion, is likely for the inverting reactions... 

Adachi, M. J. Kanamori T. Masuda K. Y asaki K. Kitamura B. Mikami S. Utsumi. Crystal structure of soybean IIS globulin Glycinin homohexamer. Proc. Natl. Acad. Set. US.A 2003,100, 7395-7400. 

Maruyama, N. Y. Maruyama T. Tsuruki E. Okuda M. Yoshikawa S. Utsumi. Crystal structure of soybean beta-conglycinin beta homotrimer (I122M/K124W) Deposited 2003b http //pdbbeta. rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do structureId= 1UIJ. 

Although soybean lipoxygenase-1 was already crystallized in 1947 [22] it was not until 1990 that the first lipoxygenase-1 and -2 crystals suitable for X-ray crystallography were obtained [154-156]. The first crystal structure, at 2.6 A resolution, of soybean lipoxygenase-1 was reported in 1993 [157,158]. Recently, the lipoxygenase-1 structure with a 1.4 A resolution, and the crystal structure of soybean lipoxy-genase-3 with a 2.6 A resolution have been reported [62,159]. 

Minor W, Steczko J, Stec B, Otwinowski Z, Bolin JT, Walter R, Axehod B. 1996. Crystal structure of soybean lipoxygenase L-1 at 1.4 A resolution. Biochemistry 35(33) 10687-10701. 

A. Dessen, D. Gupta, S. Sabesan, C. F. Brewer, and J. C. Sacchettini, X-ray crystal structure of the soybean agglutinin crosslinked with a biantennary analog of the blood group I carbohydrate antigen, Biochemistry, 34 (1995) 4933 1-942. 

Sweet RM, Wright HT, Janin J, Chothia CH, Blow DM. Crystal structure of the complex of porcine trypsin with soybean trypsin inhibitor (Kunitz) at 2.6-A resolution. Biochemistry 1974 13 4212-4228. 

Maruyama, N. M. Adachi K. Takahashi K. Yagasaki M. Kohno Y. Takenaka E. Okuda S. Nakagawa B. Mikami S. Utsumi. Crystal structures of recombinant and native soybean P-conglycinin P homotrimers. Eur. J. Biochem. 2001, 268, 3595-3604. 

Voss, R.H. U. Ermler L.O. Essen G. Wenzl Y.M. BQm P. Flecker. Crystal structure of the bifunctional soybean Bowman-Birk inhibitor at 0.28 nm resolution. Structural peculiarities in a folded protein conformation Deposited 2001. http //pdbbeta.rcsb.org/pdb/explore. do structureId= 1K9B... 

Adachi, M, B Mikami, T Katsube and S Utsumi (1988). Crystal structure of recombinant soybean 8-amylase complexed with /3-cyclodextrin. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 273,19859-19865. 

The first X-ray crystal structures of tetrahedral intermediates were obtained from the porcine trypsin crystallized with soybean trypsin inhibitor in 1974, and the... 

The three commonly observed fat crystal forms are the a, ( >, and ( > forms. The ( ) form, with small and needle-like crystals which form smooth and fine-grained structures, is the most desired form in shortening and margarine applications. Oil composition plays an important role in crystal formation. Unmodified soybean oil has a tendency to form -crystals but the hydrogenated soybean oil can be crystallized in the ( /-form. Controlled crystallization (under defined conditions of temperature, time and mixing) and tempering is used to manipulate or stabilize the crystal forms to achieve products with the desired functional properties. 

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