Crystal structure improvement

Perhaps the best studied gate dielectric treatment is the application of silanes (e.g. octadecyltrichlorosilane or OTS) to thermally grown silicon dioxide. While this structure is limited in its utility in integrated circuits, it provides a well controlled system in which to study structure/function relationships that can then be extrapolated to more practical, but less controlled, integrated structures (e.g. PECVD or PVD deposited oxides). 

Another self assembled monolayer which has been applied to OFETs is based on phosphonic acids. Phosphonic acids attach to many metals and metal oxides, including alumina, and provide essentially the same passivation and surface energy engineering on that dielectric system [40]. 

Another approach to surface passivation is to coat the surface with trivially thin layers of organic materials which passivate surface dangling bonds. It has been shown that even a very dilute treatment with polyst3Tene or 

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Heavy metal ions A phosphating bath usually contains several metal ions that can incorporate into the crystal structure improving the physical and chemical properties of the phosphate layer. At least one component, often nickel, is... 

D, H W Hoeffken, D Crosse, J Stuerzebecher, P D Martin, B F P Edwards and W Bode 1992. Refined 2.3 Angstroms X-Ray Crystal Structure of Bovine Thrombin Complexes Formed witli he 3 Benzamidine and Arginine-Based Thrombin Inhibitors NAPAP, 4-TAPAP and MQPA A Starting Point for Improving Antithrombotics. Journal of Molecular Biology 226 1085-1099. 

WA Lim, A Hodel, RT Sauer, FM Richards. The crystal structure of a mutant protein with altered but improved hydrophobic core packing. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91 423-427, 1994. PB Harbury, B Tidor, PS Kim. Repacking proteins cores with backbone freedom Structure prediction for coiled coils. Pi oc Natl Acad Sci USA 92 8408-8412, 1995. 

How do the mutations identified by phage display improve binding specificity There is as yet no direct stmctural information on the phage-selected inhibitors however they can be modeled using data from the crystal structures of other Kunitz domains bound to serine proteinases. These studies lead to the conclusion that the mutations identified by phage display improve binding specificity by maximizing complementarity between the... 

Because of the low glass transition temperature it is not possible to make clear film, stable at room temperature, by quenching. Some improvement in clarity may be obtained by cold rolling as this tends to dispose the crystal structure into layers (see Chapter 6). 

An irreversible extinction of the SHG signal at 150-200°C is observed for a number of other fluoride and oxyfluoride compounds of tantalum and niobium that crystallize in centrosymmetric space groups. This phenomenon is especially typical for the compounds prepared by precipitation from solutions [206]. The appearance of the weak SHG signal for such compounds is related to imperfections in their crystal structure and the creation of dipoles. Nevertheless, appropriate thermal treatment improves the structure and leads to the disappearance of dipoles and to the irreversible disappearance of the corresponding SHG signal. 

Li in its crystal structure beforehand, the reversibility of its crystal structure would be improved. 

Ryde U, Nilsson K (2003) Quantum chemistry can locally improve protein crystal structures. J Am Chem Soc 125(47) 14232-14233... 

The crystal structure investigation of the organosilicon model compounds selected (Fig. 1) aim at an improved understanding of the spatial requirements of bulky substituents such as trimethylsilyl groups [3] and their effects on the molecular properties. 

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