Crystal pinning properties

Detonation Wave, Elastic. An elastic wave is one which temporarily disturbs the medium thru which it traverses ie, after passage of the wave, the medium returns to its original state. Properties of elastic waves and of plastic waves were determined by Minshall (Ref 39) using pin contactors and crystals. Nawa (Ref 85) carried out theoretical and exptl studies on the transition of the energy generated by expls and the wave shapes of the generated elastic waves. The amplitude of an elastic wave was theoretically detd and experimentally correlated with sp energy and/or brisance of expls (See also Ref 92a)... 

Properties of plastic wave, as well as of elastic wave were determined by Minshall (Ref 39) using pin contactors and crystals (See also Refs 85b and 92a)... 

CA 49, 10625 (1955) (Structure of detonation wave front of gases was studied by method of shock tube) (See its abstract under Detonation Wave Structure) 38a) R.E. Duff E. Houston, 2nd ONRSympDeton (1955), p 225 (See under Detonation Wave Structure Measurements in Condensed Explosives) 39) S. Minshall, JApplPhys 26, 463- 69 (1955) (Properties of elastic and plastic waves determined by pin contactors and crystals) 40) C.G. Dunkle, "Introduction to Theory of Detonation of Explosives, Syllabus of 21 Nov 1955 and Lecture Delivered at Picatinny Arsenal on 13 Dec, 1955 (Structure of the deton wave)... 

Modification II and V are so much alike that. F. Wallerant suggested that they are identical. He said II n y aurait rien de surprenant dans 1 existence de deux modifications appartenant au mSme systeme et parallelement orientees.. . . Mais bien pins il n y a en realite qu une modification stable dans deux intervalles de temperature. If this hypothesis were to be verified the phenomenon would be unique. No case is known where the crystals of a single definite substance, presenting the same crystalline form with all the physical properties identical, can exist within two separate ranges of temp. 

Often, foods must be treated as engineering materials. Heat has to be transported so that the components become cooked or harmful microorganisms and toxins become inactivated. Even in the kitchen, mixing involves the mass transfer of liquids and solids to form metastable structures, which are fixed by subsequent treatment by heat or cooling. Heat transfer properties are crucial in the formation of ice crystals in ice cream and fat crystals in chocolate products. Food materials have been used as a source of industrial components soybean proteins to manufacture auto parts in the 1940s, casein to make buttons and knitting pins, and starches in adhesives and thickeners. 

In order to pin-point the properties of order-disorder we concentrated on molecules whose racemates are centrosymmetric and the resolved enantiomorphs, therefore, quasi-centrosymmetric. These systems are advantageous since the enantiomeric crystal contains two independent molecules related to each other by a pseudo centre of inversion, and replaced in the racemate by a centrosymmetric pair. 

The two-dimensional example illustrating the relationships between the direct and reciprocal lattices (or spaces), which are used to represent crystal structures and diffraction patterns, respectively, is shown in Figure 1.40. Pin important property of the reciprocal lattice is that its symmetry is the same as the symmetry of the direct lattice. However, in the direct space atoms can be located anywhere in the unit cell, whereas diffraction peaks are represented only by the points of the reciprocal lattice, and the unit cells themselves are "empty" in the reciprocal space. Furthermore, the contents of every unit cell in the direct space is the same, but the intensity of diffraction peaks, which are conveniently represented using points in the reciprocal space, varies. 

Sharing electrons Ionic compounds versus metals Examining properties of ionic crystals Understanding why some compounds dissolve solubility Pinning down the properties of metals Sorting out various metal bonding theories... 

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