Crystal-field strength under pressure

The optical studies performed on most samples of table 1 were aimed at different aspects of the f-electron properties. A considerable amount of the work was concerned with the energy level shifts under pressure. From these shifts, variations of free-ion parameters, crystal-field parameters or crystal-field strengths with pressure have been deduced. Other studies concentrated on changes in lifetimes or intensities, the efficiency of energy transfer between rare earths or rare earths and other impurities or on electron-phonon coupling effects under pressure. The various aspects investigated under high pressure will be presented within the next sections. 

Fig. 7. Variation of the crystal-field parameters and the crystal-field strength of / OCl Pr3+ (R = La, Pr, Gd) under pressure. The dashed fines show a superposition model calculation of die crystal-field strength.

Figure 2 The dilTerenlial pressure of a two-port (only one How in and How out opening) ER valve vs. the flow rate of the ER fluid (neinatie liquid crystal) under different electric field strength. The electric gap is 0.15 mm.

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