Crystal chemistry elements

Crystal chemistry of the chalcogenides and pnictides of transition elements. F. Hulliger, Struct. Bonding (Berlin), 1968,4, 83-229 (532). 

The crystal chemistry of A3RF6 and A2RF5 compounds with A=alkali and R=rare earth elements. O. Greis, Rev. Inorg. Chem., 1982, 4, 87—i01 (55). 

Felsche J (1973) The Crystal Chemistry of the Rare-Earth Silicates. 13 99-197 Ferreira R (1976) Paradoxial Violations of Koopmans Theorem, with Special Reference to the 3d Transition Elements and the Lanthanides. 31 1-21 Fichtinger-Schepman AMJ, see Reedijk J (1987) 67 53-89... 

Hulliger F (1968) Crystal Chemistry of Chalcogenides and Pnictides of the Transition Elements. 4 83-229... 

Of the major solids formed from melts, many, but not all, at equilibrium, the overwhelming influence is of cooperative interaction between ionic units of similar shape and size as we see in crystals. Trace elements apart from forming isolated minerals are fractioned in bulk oxides, for example, in particular orders as the melt solidifies, and this reduces the relative availability of some elements such as Cr and Ni (see Williams, and Williams and Frausto da Silva (1999) in Further Reading). Again the interaction of selective molten minerals and water creates extremely reactive environments and such environments still exist, especially in the deep sea black smokers (hydrothermal vents), around which particular mixed minerals form, which could also have been involved in prebiotic chemistry and are still involved in the peculiarities of life in these smokers . In Figure 1.6 we summarise... 

Following ternary phosphorus oxynitrides, which involve only phosphorus as a cationic element, quaternary and higher oxynitrides will be described. A number of other solid-state PON compounds are under study and, when considering the richness of the phosphate crystal chemistry and the additional degree of freedom given by the presence of nitrogen, it is very probable that many new nitridooxophosphate compositions will be found in the near future. 

Remarks on the crystal chemistry of the alloys of the 3rd group metals. A large number of intermediate phases have been identified in the binary alloys formed by the rare earth metals and actinides with several elements. A short illustrative list is shown in Tables 5.19 and 5.20. Compounds of a few selected rare earth metals and actinides have been considered in order to show some frequent stoichiometries and crystal structure types. The existence of a number of analogies among the different metals considered and the formation of some isostructural series of compounds may be noticed. 

Remarks on the crystal chemistry of the triel elements (Al, Ga, In, Tl). Tables 5.65a, 5.65b and 5.65c summarizes the crystal data of typical phases pertaining to the alloys of the 13th group. A few specific comments are in the following. 

Remarks on the alloy crystal chemistry of the 14th group elements. Carbides. Among the elements of the 14th group, the chemical behaviour of carbon is peculiar. It may be useful to dedicate a few particular comments to its combinations with the metals. 

Notes on the crystal chemistry of selected alloys and compounds of the 15th group elements. Among the pnictides, several series of numerous isostructural compounds are found. The 1 1 compounds with Sc, Y, lanthanides and actinides, having the NaCl-type structure, generally correspond to very stable phases, strongly... 

Manceau A, Schlegel ML, Musso M, Sole VA, Gauthier C, Petit PE, Trolard F (2000) Crystal chemistry of trace elements in natural and synthetic goethite. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 64 3643-3661 Marchitto Jr. TM, Curry WB, Oppo DW (2000) Zinc concentrations in benthic foraminifera reflect seawater chemistry. Paleoceanogr 15 299-306. 

---