Crystal carbons

A number of salts have been isolated but, especially those of Sm" and Yb", are susceptible to oxidation even by their own water of crystallization. Carbonates and sulfates, however, have been characterized and shown to be isomorphous with those of Sr" and Ba". 

Dierking, 1., Scalia, G. and Morales, P. (2005) Liquid crystal-carbon nanotube dispersions. J. Appl. Phys., 97. 044309-1-044309-5. 

Roth, S. and Carroll, D. 2006. One-Dimensional Metals Conjugated Polymers, Organic Crystals, Carbon Nanotubes. Wiley, Hoboken, NJ. 

Preparation.—The hydrate of soda is usually obtained by decomposition of the carbonate, hy means of quick or hydrate cf lime, To a boiling solution of five and a half parts of crystallized carbonate of soda, in twenty parts of water, a quantity of milk of lime, prepared by treating one and a half parts of burnt lime with four parts of warm water, is added in small portions at a time, and tho mixture is boiled, with tho addition of more milk of lime, until the filtered solution ceases to effervesce on the addition of an acid. The decomposition is expounded in the annexed equation—... 

Common commercial crystallized carbon a ta of soda contains a still greater proportion of water titan the salt last named. These crystals are a combination of ono equivalent of carbonate of soda with ten equivalent of water, and are consequently represented by the foimula Na 0, CO, 10HO. They are formed from a moderately concentrated solution, at a temperature below 92°. Their crystelline form is that of tho oblique prism.. . 

A very convenient process for the production of this salt on the small scale is thet recommended by Walch-NEe. A pound of pure crystallized carbonate of soda is dried as perfectly as possible, and then intimately mixed with five ounces of pure sulphur the mixture is gradually heated in a glass or porcelain basin to the melting point of the sulphur, and kept at that tempera-tore for some time, stirring constantly in order to bring every part in contact with the air. The sulphide of sodium formed at first absorbs oxygen from the air, aud is converted with feeble Incandescence into hyposulphite of soda, The mass, when cold, is dissolved in water boiled with sulphur for some time, and the filtrate is evaporated, when very fine and pure crystals separate. If the heat employed be too strong, part of VOL. it. 

The following method appears to be a favorite one for preparing the hyposulphite of soda in small quantities One pound of pure crystallized carbonate of soda,... 

Conjugated Polymers, Organic Crystals, Carbon Nanotubes... 

Fig. 1 Different primary and secondary textures used in this study, their pore network structures and electrical behaviour. Hg-injection curves give the ditribution of Hg-saturation versus pore-throat diameter. Z the complex electrical impedance vector 9 phase angle by which current and voltage are shifted M-W mudstone-wackestone textures P-G packstone-grainstone texture G grainstone C crystal carbonate.

Samples used in this study, their formation, petrographic, petrophysical and mineralogical characteristics. C crystal carbonate M-W mudstone, wackestone P-G packstone-grainstone Vac vugs iX intercrystalline pores iM intramatrix pores iG intragranular pores IG intergranular pores K karsts Fr fractures F formation factor m cementation factor n saturation exponent. 

G.D. Li, Z.K. Tang, N. Wang, and J.S. Chen, Structural Study of the 0.4-nm Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes Aligned in Channels of AlP04-5 Crystal. Carbon, 2002, 40, 917-921. 

Figure ll-12a presents room temperature adsorption isotherms for some representative activated carbon samples on Technical Grade DMSO, showing the difficulty of reducing UV275 to the desired level of <0.10 without additional purification. Figure ll-12a is a schematic of the melt crystallization-carbon column recycle system which was employed to get around this problem. The higher concentration of impurities in the unfrozen melt altered the equilibrium concentration on the activated carbon. In the steady state (Fig. 1 l-12b) a reasonably sized carbon column could produce effluent suitable for further freeze CrystalUzation, and the yield of the total process was close to 100%. 

There are a variety of potential explanations for carbonate mineral supersalurations that exceed uncertainties in the saturation indices of the pure, well-crystallized carbonates (about 0.1 SI units for calcite). As discussed earlier in this chapter, calcite supersaturation in surface-waters may result from a temperature increase, evaporation, and/or a loss in CO2 to photosynthesis or by exsolution to the atmosphere. Mixing of surface-waters or groundwaters can also produce a supersaturated mixture. The dissolution of more soluble gypsum causes calcite supersaturation in some groundwaters of the Floridan aquifer. 

The tests of additives in spirally wound VRLA batteries [18] also included a proprietary AD7 additive, which was chemically described as polyvinylsulfonic acid or its salts, called polyvinylsulfonates [85,86], together with crystal carbon fibres, polyester fibres and Sn02 powder. None of the additives were found to increase the initial discharge capacities compared with the control. The AD7 additive did, however, show significantly better maintenance of capacity during cycling than the control. It was further claimed [81,82] that typical additive concentrations of about... 

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