Injuries cryogenic

Contact with liquid ammonia results in cryogenic injury in addition to the alkali bums (Amshel et al. 2000 Wibbenmeyer et al. 1999). 

Valves may be left open or broken off, and large amounts of the product may be released. Individuals involved in the theft can be injured or killed. Persons with cryogenic injuries (cold injuries to the skin—these look like regular thermal bums) or lung injuries involving ammonia may be involved in the manufacture of methamphetamine. 

Liquid anhydrous ammonia in contact with the eyes may cause serious injury to the cornea and deeper structures and sometimes blindness on the skin it causes first- and second-degree burns that are often severe and, if extensive, may be fatal. Vapor concentrations of 10,000 ppm are mildly irritating to the moist skin, whereas 3 0,000 ppm or greater causes a stinging sensation and may produce skin burns and vesiculation. With skin and mucous membrane contact, burns are of three types cryogenic (from the liquid ammonia), thermal (from the exothermic dissociation of ammonium hydroxide), and chemical (alkaline). ... 

In any manufacturing facility there are many sources of heat such as boilers, kilns, incinerators, evaporators, and cryogenic facilities. Extreme temperatures can lead directly to injuries of personnel and may also cause damage to the equipment. These factors can be generated by the thermal changes in the environment that lead to accidents, and therefore, indirectly to injuries and damages. 

Hazard statement Contains gas under pressure may explode if heated Contains gas under pressure may explode if heated Contains refrigerated gas may cause cryogenic bums or injury Contains gas under pressure may explode if heated... 

Hazard statement Contains refrigerated gas may cause cryogenic bums or injury... 

Kahchman MW, Myers RR (1987) Behavioral and electrophysiological recovery following cryogenic nerve injury. Exp Neurol 96 692-702. 

Exposure of the eyes to liquid chlorofluorocarbons or significant air concentrations should be treated by irrigating the eyes with tepid water for at least 15 min. Cryogenic dermal injuries should be treated by water bath rewarming until vasodilatory flush has returned. 

Compressed gas cylinders containing anhydrous ammonia may present a cryogenic (cold injury) hazard. The liquid anhydrous ammonia is very volatile and, like liquid nitrogen, will immediately freeze the skin. 

Temperature Extremes. Injury to persons or damage to equipment due to departure of temperature from normal range. Extreme heat or cold can be due to the introduction of lire or cryogenics, respectively. May also be caused by component failure or procedural error. Results can be bums and/ or stmctural damage. 

Key words Cisplatin, renal injury, calcium stores, freeze-fracture, cellular potassium and sodium, SIMS, imaging mass spectrometry, cryogenic sample preparation for SIMS. 

Since compressed gases and cryogenic liquids are defined as hazardous materials by DOT and TC regulations, the transportation of these products by the gas manufacturers and suppliers is subject to considerable safety-related regulations. Unfortunately many of the more serious incidents leading to injury or fatality have occurred from transporting containers in unsuitable vehicles and in a hazardous manner. 

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