Containers cryogenic

Some confusion exists in the terminology regarding liquid helium (LHe) containers. In the following, we shall call dewars the storage and the transport containers, and cryostats the cryogen containers used in experiments. Because of their large capacity (typically... 

To avoid the necessity of a cryogenic container, some calorimeters have utilized molecular liquids like TMS [188] and 2,2,4,4-tetramethylpentane [189]. 

Dewar Any cryogenic container shielded by a vacuum-insulated space. 

Liquid level is one of several measurements needed to establish the contents of a cryogenic container. Other measurements may include volume as a function of depth, density as a function of physical storage conditions, and sometimes discerning useful contents from total contents. Of these measurements, the liquid-level determination is presently the most advanced and can be made with an accuracy and precision comparable to that of thermometry and often with greater simplicity. 

Storing H2 in aqueous NaBH4 solutions compares favorably to other H2 storage methods. For example, the volume required to store 5 kg of liquid H2 in cryogenic containers is —110 liters. In pressurized tanks, storing 5 kg H2 at 34 MPa (5000 psi) requires 220 liters. However, storing 5 kg of H2 in 35 wt % NaBH solutions requires only 65 liters. 

Dewars. Dewars are the best and most commonly used cryogenic containers in the laboratory. Their ability to maintain a temperature is exceptional. They are used in most labs where dry ice is found and in all labs where liquid nitrogen is found. Dewars are also found in many lunch boxes as Thermos bottles. Dewars are typically identifiable as a hollow-wall glass container with a mirror-like finish. That mirror finish is a very accurate description because the silver coating on Dewars is the same as is used on mirrors. 

Storage. In the interval between production and use, the hydrogen must be stored. Pressurized containers or cryogenic containers typify current practices. 

In order to minimize noise and Li migration, the solid-state detector should be cooled, usually to 80 K. This can be done using liquid nitrogen but it is quite inconvenient to have a cryogenic container mounted on the detector arm, especially since the container needs to be refilled every few days. Thus, solid-state detectors coupled with thermoelectric coolers have been developed and commercialized, and successfully used in powder diffraction. 

Both 2014 and 5083 have been used in welded construction for cryogenic containers. Alloy 2014 has been used successfully in missile skin applications by several missile manufacturers, e.g., on Titan I and II. Alloy 5083, as approved by the ASME Boiler Pressure... 

Future investigations may result in the development of completely new polymers, whose properties may be significantly better at cryogenic temperatures. However, we believe that sealant systems based upon present technology may be used to advantage in the fabrication and repair of cryogenic containers. 

The development of foam-insulated cryogenic containment piping was undertaken to achieve lower costs and to improve reliability. It was estimated that the foam thermal insulation would increase the low-temperature refrigeration load caused by heat transfer from the surrounding soil by an additional 49.7 kW/km (80 kW/mi) for a 3500-MVA cable system. This increase can be partially offset by... 

Never All a cryogenic container more than 80% full so there is room for expansion of the cryogen. Use tongs to remove anything that is submerged in the cryogenic solution and be sure that you do not touch that object or the tongs after removal until they have warmed to ambient temperature. 

When die insulated cryogenic container is in space, equilibrium skin temperature, Tj, can be minimized by using a skin material with a low a/e (absorptivity/emissivity) ratio [1], Suit le coating now available can reduce Ti by as much as 170 R depending onflightpath, tank shape, and tank attitude with respect to the sun and/or other heat sources. 

F igure 9 shows a bench test of the turbine prior to its being mounted to the cryogenic container (of which the turbine is the closer of one end). This setup represents a nonminiaturized unit used in current development work, incorporating, however, airborne structure concepts in all parts. It is noticeable that the expander can be removed or replaced as a compact component by simply removing a few bolts, within a few minutes. 

J.M. Canty and R. Gabarro, "High Performance Cryogenic Containers, Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, Vol. 4, K.D. Timmerhaus, (ed,), Plenum Press, Inc., New York (1960). 

Temperature - Pressure - Time Relationships in a Closed Cryogenic Container... 

Fill a secondary cryogen container with a coolant such as propane, when the chamber becomes sufQciently cold, that is, the temperature is less than — 160°C. 

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