Cryo-transmission electron microscope

The droplet sizes of the nanoemulsions characterized by dynamic light scattering at O/S ratios between 50 0 and 70 30 and a constant water content of 90 wt% were between 200 and 220 nm, displaying a slight increase with increasing O/S ratio. Figure 6.3 shows atypical cryo-transmission electron microscope (TEM) image of an... 

Figure 8 Paclitaxel encapsulated into DQAsomes. (A) Transmission electron microscopic image (uranyl acetate staining). (B) Size distribution. (C) Cryo-electron microscopic image. Source-. From Ref. 43.

Cryo-electron microscopy was performed on a JEOL JEM-3100FFC transmission electron microscope (cryo-TEM) (see Note 11). 

Micelles made of soaps break up and reform within milliseconds. The individual lifetime of a charged micelle is very short. Nevertheless, eicosane sulfate micelles have been trapped by rapid cryo-fixation at liquid nitrogen temperature and freeze etching. They can then be seen under the transmission electron microscope (TEM) (Figure 2.5.3). 

Objective lens and specimen stage is the heart of a transmission electron microscope. Modem objective lenses are a twin lens instead of a single lens. It has an upper and a lower pole-piece with a gap in between. The resolution of a microscope is directly determined by the pole-piece gap. Small pole-piece gaps allow high resolution, but limit tilt angles. A larger pole piece gap reduces resolution but allows other TEM applications such as tomography, cryo TEM, environmental TEM, and dynamic experiments. 

Microemulsion structure can be observed by electron microscopy (EM). Jahn and Strey (4) were the first to publish reliable electron microscopy images of microemulsions. Their systematic study involved both droplet and bicontinuous structures, using the so-called freeze-fracture technique where a replica of the sample is made which is then monitored by the electron microscope. Another technique, Cryo transmission electron microscopy (Cryo-TEM), is probably less suitable for microemulsions with larger oil contents. In this technique, a thin slice of the sample is directly monitored... 

More quantitative data regarding the actual state of dispersion of the CNTs can be provided by various characterization techniques, namely, Raman spectroscopy, - UV-Vis spectroscopy, -dynamic light scattering as well as microscopic techniques such as optical microscopy, (cryo-) transmission electron microscopy ((cryo-)... 

The prevailing knowledge on the ultrastructural pattern of pellicle formation and the micromorphological appearance of pellicle is mainly based on (conventional) transmission and scanning electron microscopic investigations [3, 17, 29, 60-67], Only a very few results have been published using novel techniques, such as cryo electron microscopy [68, 69], CLSM [28], or atomic force microscopy [19, 38, 70] for analysis of the pellicle. 

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