Cryo-FESEM

Rizwan SB, Dong YD, Boyd BJ, Rades T, Hook S (2007) Characterisation of biconti-nuous cubic liquid crystalline systems of phytantriol and water using cryo field emission scanning electron microscopy (cryo FESEM). Micron 38 478M 85... 

Krauel K, Girvan L, Hook S, Rades T. Characterisation of colloidal drug delivery systems from the naked eye to Cryo-FESEM. Micron 2007 38 796-803. 

Other methods such as dying (Ho et al. 1996) and cryo-fleld emission scanning electron microscopy (Cryo-FESEM) (Krauel et al. 2005) could also be used to identify the types of microemulsions. 

Fig. 1 Cryo-FESEM images showing (a) elastin-PEG-DGE and (b) elastin-BS3 microgels prepared with 0.5 equivalents of the crosslinker...

Figure 14.10 (a) and (b) TEM and Cryo-FESEM (cryogenic field-emission scanning electron microscopy) images of PHOS-b-PEO nanoparticles, respectively. The inset in (a) shows a detailed view of the nanoparticle. Stepanek et al. [45]. Reproduced with permission of American Chemical Society. 

Other workers have applied FESEM characterization for the implementation of cryo-SEM natural state colloidal solution capturing and studied the process of simultaneous deposition by immersion plating of palladium and silver seeds from 1 to lOOnm in size on porous silicon [5,6]. 

Figure 6.5. Cryo-fractured FESEM images of PEI/MWNT composites with (a) 0.5 wt% and (b) 1.0 wt% MWNT. Reproduced from 46] with permission from lOP Publishing Ltd...

Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis was performed with a HITACHI S-4800 instrument in a cryo-mode with secondary electron image resolution of 1.0-1.4 nm at voltages of 1-15 kV. For all measurements, aqueous solutions of nanogels with a concentration of 5 mg/mL were rapidly vitrified in liquid propane and transferred to the high vacuum Balzers BF freeze-etching chamber. Fracture surfaces were prepared by means of a lever and etched by sublimation of the vitrified water for 5-15 min. 

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