Viruses cryo-electron microscopy

Conway, J. R, et al. (1997). VisuaUzation of a 4-hehx bundle in the hepatitis B virus capsid by cryo-electron microscopy. Nature 386,91-94. 

Adrian, M., Dubochet, J., Lepault, J., and McDowall, A.W. (1984). Cryo-electron microscopy of viruses. Nature. 308, 3236. 

Mancini, E. J., Clarke, M., Gowen, B. E., Rutten, T., and Fuller, S. D. (2000). Cryo-electron microscopy reveals the functional organization of an enveloped virus, Semliki Forest virus. Mol Cell 5, 255-266. 

Wang, P., Porta, C., Chen, Z., Baker, T. S., and Johnson, J. E. (1992). Identification of a Fab interaction site (footprint) on an icosahedral virus by cryo-electron microscopy and X-ray crystallography. Nature 355, 275-278. 

The low-resolution phases initially required may be obtained in a variety of ways, but frequently these depend on other imaging techniques outside of X-ray crystallography. These may include transmission electron microscopy, cryo-electron microscopy, or atomic force microscopy. Low-resolution phases are even more often obtained by placing the known structure of a closely related virus, or complex, in the correct disposition in the unit cell (determined by rotation and translation functions) and using its low resolution calculated phases. 

Fig. Cryo electron microscopy and image reconstructions of Cowpea Mosaic virus (CPMV) (B) Norwalk Virus (NV) ...

The main variation of EM that has been reported is cryo-electron microscopy (GEM). Of the reports on the use of GEM during this review period the most-studied structure is the ribosome (from various organisms) and its associated machinery. There have also been a number of studies on various viruses. Other studies that have been reported include ribonucleoproteins, the RNA guide surveillance complex from E.coli, a p53 tetramer bound to a DNA-encoding transcription factor response element, human RXR/VDR nuclear receptor in complex with its DR3 target DNA, a complex (UPF-EJG) from eukaryotic nonsense-mediated mRNA decay,and of a DNA origami structure. ... 

Kronenberg S, Kleinschmidt JA, Bottcher B. Electron cryo-microscopy and image reconstruction of adeno-associated virus type 2 empty capsids. EMBO Rep 2001 2 997-1002. 

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