Cryo-electron microscopy studies

Mandelkow EM, Mandelkow E, Milligan RA. Microtubule dynamics and microtubule caps a time-resolved cryo-electron microscopy study. J. Cell Biol. 1991 114 977-991. 

Groll, R., Bottcher, A., Jiiger, J. and Holzwarth, J. F., Temperature dependent intermediate structures during the main phase transition of dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine vesicles - a combined iodine laser-temperature jump and time resolved cryo-electron microscopy study, Biophys. Chem., 58, 53-65 (1996). 

Jimenez, J. L., Tennent, G., Pepys, M., and Saibil, H. R. (2001). Structural diversity of ex vivo amyloid fibrils studied by cryo-electron microscopy. /. Mol. Biol. 311, 241-247. 

In a recent extensive study, the structural polymorphism of DNA/RPR120535 complexes has been studied by X-ray diffraction and cryo-electron microscopy. Monovalent salts and temperature effects have been analyzed. Depending on the treatment applied to the lipid solution prior to DNA addition, two types of... 

So far, crystallization of a-LTX has not been reported. However, the toxin has been successfully studied by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) (Orlova et al. 2000),... 

Norlen, L.P.O., Al-Amoudi, A., and Dubochet, J. (2003) A cryo-transmission electron microscopy study of skin barrier formation. J. Invest. Dermatol. 120 555-560. 

Siegel, D. P., Green, W., and Talmon, J. (1994), The mechanism of lamellar-to-inverted hexagonal phase transitions A study using temperature-jump cryo-electron microscopy, Biophys. /., 66,402-414. 

Lepault, J., Dubochet, J., Baschong, W., and Kellenberger, E. (1987). Organization of double-stranded DNA in bacteriophages A study by cryo-electron microscopy of vitrified samples. EMBO J. 6, 1507-1512. 

J.K. Stoops, S.J. Kolodziej, J.P. Schroeter, J.P. Bretaudiere, and S.J. Wakil. 1992. Structure-function relationships of the yeast fatty acid synthase Negative-stain, cryo-electron microscopy, and image analysis studies of the end views of the structure Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89 6585-6589. (PubMed) (Full Text in PMC)... 

Recently, we proposed a new bioactive conformation of paclitaxel, RKDOR-Taxol [50], based on (i) the 19F-13C distances obtained by the REDOR experiment [49], (ii) the photoaffinity labeling of microtubules [51], (iii) the crystal structure (PDB code 1TUB) of the Zn2+-stabilized aP-tubulin dimer model determined by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) [52], and (iv) molecular modeling (Monte Carlo Macromodel) [50], In this computational biology analysis, we first docked a paclitaxel-photoaffinity label molecule to the position identified by our photoaffinity labeling study and then optimized the... 

Because CCT is assembled from eight different polypeptides, the prospect of engineering a host/vector system for the expression of recombinant chaperonin is a daunting one hence, all studies of CCT have thus far depended on material purified from a eukaryotic source such as mouse or bovine testis or rabbit reticulocyte lysate. Even if sufficient material could be purified from these tissues, the heterooligomeric nature of the particle might make crystallization extremely challenging. Structural analyses of CCT have therefore been confined to studies by cryo-electron microscopy. Nonetheless, such analyses have proved very useful in identifying some of the unique characteristics of this chaperonin. 

It has not yet been possible to crystallize either the intact Azospirillum GitS a/3-heterodimer or the Syncheocystis GltS/ferredoxin complex. Studies using computational modeling, " small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements, " cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), and electrospray ionization (ESI)... 

In principle, we can distinguish (for surfactant self-assemblies in general) between a microstructure in which either oil or water forms discrete domains (droplets, micelles) and one in which both form domains that extend over macroscopic distances (Fig. 7a). It appears that there are few techniques that can distinguish between the two principal cases uni- and bicontinuous. The first technique to prove bicontinuity was self-diffusion studies in which oil and water diffusion were monitored over macroscopic distances [35]. It appears that for most surfactant systems, microemulsions can be found where both oil and water diffusion are uninhibited and are only moderately reduced compared to the neat liquids. Quantitative agreement between experimental self-diffusion behavior and Scriven s suggestion of zero mean curvature surfactant monolayers has been demonstrated [36]. Independent experimental proof of bicontinuity has been obtained by cryo-electron microscopy, and neutron diffraction by contrast variation has demonstrated a low mean curvature surfactant film under balanced conditions. The bicontinuous microemulsion structure (Fig. 7b) has attracted considerable interest and has stimulated theoretical work strongly. 

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