Crustacea Arthropoda

Species Xenobiotic Field site Tissue Concentration (fig g- wet wt.) Reference 

Homarus americanus Total PAH (4-6 ring) Cape Breton Island (Canada) — Coastal — Near coalcoking plant Digestive gland Tail muscle Digestive gland Tail muscle 0.24-0.32 0.02-0.08 15.9-60.1 0.32-2.04 Uthe and Musial (1986) 

Carcinus maenas Total PAH (2-5 ring) Total PCB Norwegian Qord — industrial gradient Total tissue Total tissue 0.03-0.05 0.03-0.10 Klungsoyr et al. (1988) 

Cancer pagarus Total PAH (2-3 ring) Oil spill Digestive gland Muscle tissue 2.3 0.75 Grahl-Nielsen et al.(1978) 

Uca pugnax Total PAH Oil spill Total tissue 18.3-56.0 Burns (1976)  

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The phylum Arthropoda includes the classes Diplopoda (millipedes), Chilopoda (centipedes), Crustacea (see Chapter 3), and Insecta (see Chapter 1). All luminous arthropods other than crustaceans are terrestrial, and not very many luminous millipedes and centipedes are known. The luminescence of millipedes is usually intracellular, whereas luminous centipedes discharge luminous secretion. Substantial chemical studies have been made only with the millipede Luminodesmus sequoiae and the centipede Orphaneus brevilabiatus, of which the latter is discussed in the Section 10.3. 

The Class Arachnida, to which the order Acari belongs, together with the Class Insecta, the Class Crustacea and others, constitute the Phylum Arthropoda. All the classes contain species useful to man, but also many pests that can cause economic losses and/or diseases. This review will be limited to the order Acari, particularly to their control with natural methods in agriculture, veterinary and human medicine. 

Tomaschko, K.H., Ecdysteroids from Pycnogonum litorale (Arthropoda, Pantopoda) act as a chemical defense against Carcinus maenas (Crustacea, Decapoda), J. Chem. Ecol., 20, 1445, 1994. 

Arthropoda.—Steroid biosynthesis seems to be absent from all of this phylum. Examples of the class Arachnida, Diplopoda, Crustacea, and Insecta have been examined. Steroid metabolism in insects has been reviewed. " It should be borne in mind that insects can synthesise some terpenoids [e.g. (32) and (46)], but there is an absolute dietary requirement for steroids. Phytosterols such as -sitosterol are converted back into cholesterol derivatives apparently by the reverse of side chain alkylation (86 R = Et) (85 R = CHMe)—> (85 R = CHj)— (84)— (74). In addition a A -double bond is introduced. Parasites, and other organisms naturally present, may contribute to some of these reactions. ... 

The phylum Arthropoda contains a number of subphyla, such as Chelicerata (scorpions, spiders and mites), Myriapoda (centipedes and millipedes), Crustacea (crabs, shrimps and woodlice) and Hexapoda (springtails, bristletails and insects). The most conspicuous and well-known members of the Arthropoda are, undoubtedly, the crustaceans and... 

Polypodium vulgare L. (Coelenterata), and Callinectes sapidus (Arthropoda/Crustacea) reference 143, 172, 187, 188, 206... 

ORGANISM Callinectes sapidus (Arthropoda/ Crustacea) reference 143... 

SPECTRAL data UV, PMR, Mass Spec organism Epizoanthus arenaceus (Arthropoda/Crustacea) reference 71... 

Poulet, S.A. P. Marsot. 1978. Chemosensory grazing by marine calanoid copepods (Arthropoda Crustacea). Science 200 1403-1405. 

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