Power, cruise

The results presented here are for combustor inlet air conditions approximately equal to cruise power for a 30 1 compression ratio engine, nominally 12.09 X 10 N/m (11.9 atm) at 727 K (849°F). Emissions data for hydrogen/jet fuel (JP-5) mixes and for jet fuel only were obtained over a range of equivalence ratios using a JPL research combustor designated Mod 2. The series of experiments from which the results are abstracted is described more fully in Ref. 16. 

The lean operating boundary shown in Figure 1 (to its interception of the lean limit line) represents the line of constant turbine inlet gas temperature (1407 K or 2073°F) typically required for cruise power. This boundary line shows that there is a minimum allowable premixed equivalence ratio that satisfies power requirements. But, since air-film cooling and perhaps secondary air injection for temperature pattern factor adjustment (at the turbine inlet) will be required in an engine combustor, the useful lean boundary will lie possibly 20-30% to the right of that shown. Cooling requirements should be much reduced from current practice because of the ultralean (cooler) burning zone. 

Table II. Mod 2 Burner Variations Used for Cruise Power Experiments...

The ultralow target emission levels were simultaneously achieved under simulated cruise power conditions at a burning ER and with pressiure losses amenable to practical combustor design. These levels were achievable with the Mod 2 burner with hydrogen enrichment but not with jet fuel only because of the onset of lean blowout at too high an ER to reduce the NOj. emission suflBciently. 

High Thrust for Planetary Escape/Capture - High Isp for Interplanetary Cruise Power for Spacecraft Ops, Propellant Refrigeration... 

Both the Power Industry and the petrochemical industries use the aircraft-type turbine. The Power Industry uses these units in a combined cycle mode for power generation especially in remote areas where the power requirements are less than 100 MW. The petrochemical industry uses these types of turbines on offshore platforms especially for gas re-injection, and as power plants for these offshore platforms, mostly due to their compactness and the ability to be easily replaced and then sent out to be repaired. The aeroderivative gas turbine also is used widely by gas transmission companies and petrochemical plants, especially for many variable speed mechanical drives. These turbines are also used as main drives for Destroyers and Cruise Ships. The benefits of the aeroderivative gas turbines are ... 

During the cruise condition, the split-shaft gas turbine power plant required to produce 240 kW and 10% of the compressed air, is used in the gas refrigeration system, which is required to remove 7kW from the cabin. 

Figure 6.41c Combined gas turbine power plant and gas refrigeration system design at cruise condition.

The submarine or surface launched strategic weapon is turbofan-powered, with a solid propint tandem rocket booster and nuclear warhead. Conversion to tactical role involves substitution of tactical guidance, a conventional HE warhead, and a turbojet cruise engine in place of the turbofan... 

Webb, P.W. (1971). The swimming energetics of trout. 1. Thrust and power output at cruising speeds. Journal of Experimental Biology 55,489-520. 

An early-model Concorde supersonic airplane consumed 4700 gallons of aviation fuel per hour at cruising speed. The density of the fuel was 6.65 pounds per gallon and the AH of combustion was —10,500 kcal/kg. Express the power consumption in megawatts (1 MW = 106 W = 106 J/s) during cruise. 

A different approach is to reconsider the airship as a means of air travel. A first approach to this is considering an airship for high-altitude cruising (or as a stratospheric platform) powered by photovoltaic panels and using a reversible fuel cell system to store surplus solar power and use it when the sim is not visible. In this way, carrying possibly heavy batteries may be avoided. The envisaged relative shares of direct use of solar power, of elec-trolyser operation and of fuel cell power production are shown in Fig. 4.12. So far, testing of the equipment sketched in Fig. 4.12 has been performed on a 1-kW scale in the laboratory and in simulated airship conditions. 

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