Crotalaria

It has become customary to call the principal members of this group the lupin alkaloids, but in view of their wide distribution in the Papilionaceae, a better title is that suggested above, since they appear to be the characteristic alkaloids of this leguminous sub-family. This is not the only type of alkaloid found in the Leguminosae other types occur, e.g., in Acacia (p. 631), Crotalaria (p. 601), Erythrina (p. 386), Mimosa (p. 4) and Pentaclethra (p. 776). 

Graminifoline, CjgHjgOjN, m.p. 236°. S. graminifolius, Jacq. Grantianine (p. 603). Crotalaria grantiana. ... 

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.), green gram (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek), crotalaria (Crotalaria ochroleuca G. Don), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) Intercropping Khan et al. 2007... 

We knew Utetheisa to feed on poisonous plants as a larva (Figure 1B). The plants, of the genus Crotalaria (family Leguminosae), were known to contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids (henceforth abbreviated as PAs), intensely bitter compounds potently hepatotoxic to mammals (7). Other species of Utetheisa were known to sequester PAs (8). We found this to be true for U. ornatrix as well. Adult Utetheisa raised on Crotalaria spectabilis, one of the principal foodplants available to the moth in the United States, contain on average about 700 p,g of monocrotaline (1), the principal PA in that plant (9, 10). 

In the laboratory, we succeeded in raising Utetheisa on two alternative artificial diets, one made up with Crotalaria seeds and containing the PA monocrotaline (CS diet), the other based on pinto beans and devoid of PA (PB diet). On the assumption that the PB diet-raised moths, which we proved to be PA-free, would be vulnerable to predation, we took moths... 

Tests with larval Utetheisa showed these to be rejected by wolf spiders, but only if the larvae had fed on Crotalaria or CS diet. Larvae raised on PB diet proved consistently palatable to the spiders (11). 

The correlation of large size and PA load in Utetheisa could have a simple reason. Crotalaria seeds are rich not only in PA but in nutrient. Larvae competing successfully for seeds could therefore inevitably be destined to achieve large adult size. 

CNS CS diet CsA CyP central nervous system Crotalaria spectabilis seed-supplemented diet cyclosporin A cyclophilin... 

CO2H 0 Isolated from Pisum and Crotalaria species Isowlllardine - no known bloactivlty 13... 

S,4/ )-4-Hydroxyproline also served as starting material for the preparation of crotanecine, isolated from alkaloids of Crotalaria sp. Compound 62 was obtained in fifteen steps in 4% overall yield (84H2735). 

Alkaloids derived from L-ornithine, L-lysine, and L-trypthophan occur in the Legume plant family (Fabaceae Juss.) (Table 9). This plant family is the third largest botanical family, with 650 genera and 18000 species in the humid tropics, sub-tropics, temperate and sub-arctic zones around the Globe". L-ornithine-derived alkaloids such as senecionine are present in the genus Crota Crotalaria L.). 

Figure 98. A diagram of the accumuiation of pyrroiizidine aikaloids in some insect species during various developmentai stages. It shouid be noted that it is not often that these aikaloids are present in the eggs, as in the case of the Arctia caja. Natural sources are pyrroiizidine alkaloid-rich plant species Senecio spp., Homoptera Senecio and Adenostyles spp., Coleoptera and Senecio, Adenostyles, Petasites, Crotalaria and Heliotropium spp., Lep-idoptera).

Apiosyl(l 6)glucoside Crotalaria podocarpa aerial parts Leguminosae 53... 

Quercetin 3, 4 -dimethyl ether 3-Neohesperidoside Crotalaria verrucosa stems Leguminosae 407... 

Yadava, R.N. and Singh, A., A novel flavone glycoside from the seeds of Crotalaria laburnifolia Linn., J. Indian Chem. Soc., 70, 273, 1993. 

Cucumis sativus (Cucurb.) Terminalia catappa (Combr.) Pelargonium reniforme (Ger.) Crotalaria thebaica (Leg.)... 

DiOH 6-Pr C20H20O4 324 Crotaramosmin Crotalaria ramossisima Leguminosae 73... 

The compound listed in Table 15.3 as crotaramosmin from Crotalaria ramosissima (Leguminosae) was reported as the new 5,4 -dihydroxy-6-C-prenylflavanone. This structure was reassigned on the basis of detailed spectroscopic studies as 2, 4-dihydroxy-6",6"-dimethylpyr-ano[2",3" 4, 3 ]-dihydrochalcone (compound 286 in Chapter 16). 

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