CROSS technique

If the system can only be modeled feasibly by molecular mechanics, use the potential energy curve-crossing technique or a force held with transition-structure atom types. 

The use of high-strength TCA (65-100%) for acne scarring has proven to be an exciting new application of TCA. In this technique chemical reconstruction of skin scars (CROSS technique) showed significant improvement. Specifically high-concentration TCA is focally apphed to depressed or ice-pick scars and pressed hard with the wooden end of a cotton tip applicator. This induces a localized scar to occur, which over time effaces the depressed scar. Typically this requires five or six courses of treatment spread out over intervals of weeks to months. 

Because of peak overlappings in the first- and second-derivative spectra, conventional spectrophotometry cannot be applied satisfactorily for quantitative analysis, and the interpretation cannot be resolved by the zero-crossing technique. A chemometric approach improves precision and predictability, e.g., by the application of classical least sqnares (CLS), principal component regression (PCR), partial least squares (PLS), and iterative target transformation factor analysis (ITTFA), appropriate interpretations were found from the direct and first- and second-derivative absorption spectra. When five colorant combinations of sixteen mixtures of colorants from commercial food products were evaluated, the results were compared by the application of different chemometric approaches. The ITTFA analysis offered better precision than CLS, PCR, and PLS, and calibrations based on first-derivative data provided some advantages for all four methods. ... 

Another method for lifetime determination uses the level-crossing technique 12 t) which measures the natural linewidth (and with it the lifetime) from the change of the spatial fluorescence intensity distri-... 

Fig. 5. Schematic of zero-crossing technique for determining the resonance centroid...

Derivative and derivative-difference spectrophoto-metric methods based on the zero crossing technique are described for the analysis of mixture of drugs along with salicylic acid which is determined by second-derivative spectrophotometry at 314 nm in methanol medium (21). 

Zeohte catalysis 616-620, 640, 644, 645 Zero-crossing technique 984 Zinc chloride, as ahylation catalyst 677 Zinc phenoxide 691 Zirconium cyclopentadienyl complexes 684... 

The Doppler-free two-photon method must also be compared with othei classical Doppler-free methods, which can be used in vapours as the leve] crossing technique or the double resonance technique. 

An example of a more recent experiment is the smdy of hyperfine structure of highly excited levels of neutral copper atoms, which yielded the magnetic-dipole and electric-quadmpole interaction constants. The experimental results allowed a comparison with theoretical calculations based on multiconfiguration Hartree-Fock methods [858]. Measurements of lifetimes [859] and of state multipoles using level-crossing techniques can be found in [860]. 

G. von Oppen, measurements of state multipoles using level crossing techniques. Comments At. Mol. Phys. 15, 87 (1984)... 

Depressed scars (CROSS technique) Variable response Seborrheic keratoses Hypertrophic keratoses Mixed melasma Mixed hyperpigmentation Poor response... 

Fabbrocini G, Cacciapuoti S, FardeUa N, Pastore F, Monfrecola G (2008) Cross technique chemical reconstruction of skin scars method. Dermatol Ther 2LS29-S32... 

Interconnection methods for spiral cods (a) through-hole vias, (b) wire bond, (c) crossing technique. 

The design of the experiment was as follows crossed Technique (T) x Width (W) x Distance (D). Since the focus of this study is precision pointing, target width W was set at 1, 4 and 8 pixels and distance D was set at 100, 250, 750. For each of the two techniques, 9 combinations (=3 target widths x 3 distances) appeared in random order. Each subject had a total of 63 attempts (7 blocks x 3 widths x 3 distances). 

Chemical Reconstruction of Skin Scars (CROSS) Technique... 

Figure 13.4 50% TCA repeated at 4-week Intervals for 3 session treatment. The frosting gives the time of application. Reproduced from Fabbrocinl G, Cacciapuoti S, Fardella N et al 2008 CROSS technique chimica reconstruction of skin scars method. Deimatologic Therapy, 21 S29-S32 (with permission)...

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