Immobilization techniques cross-linked enzyme aggregates

Enzyme immobilization techniques have been revealed as a powerful tool to enhance most enzyme properties such as sta-bihty, activity, specificity and selectivity, and reduction of inhibition. Several methods had been used including cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) (Wang et al. 2011), entrapment, and support-based immobilization (Brady and Jordaan 2009). 

Many applications rely on enzymes being retained by membranes, aggregated by cross-linking, or immobilized by encapsulation. These techniques are often simple and inexpensive, but typically also generate a poorly defined immobilized enzyme. The immobilization can involve isolated enzymes or whole cell preparations. Sweetzyme IT, an immobilized glucose isomerase produced by Novozymes is an example of the latter, in which the cells are cross-linked by glutaraldehyde (GA) and extruded to produce dry, solid particles [32]. 

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