Cross-coupling reactions Suzuki polycondensation

Over the past two decades, Suzuki polycondensation has become one of the most efficient methods for the synthesis of conjugated polymers. As another important cross-coupling protocol, the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction was invented by Suzuki and co-workers in 1979 The scope of the Suzuki reaction for synthetic applications has been surveyed in several excellent reviews by Kotha, Lahiri, Kashinath, Miyaura and Fu. The Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction provided deeper insights into how to connect two specific sp -hybridized C-atoms more efficiently and under milder conditions. The Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction was first used by Schlueter et al. to prepare poly(para-phenylene)s. ... 

Almost all Suzuki polycondensations published to date in the literature use 1-3 mol% of catalyst, mostly Pd[P(p-tolyl)3]3, Pd(PPh3)4 or in situ prepared Pd[P(o-tolyl)3]2. Most catalysts for the Suzuki polycondensation employ tri-arylphosphine ligands. New ligands, which include Buchwald s biaryl-based phosphines, Beller s diadamantyl phosphines, Fu s tri(tert-butyl)phos-phine, and Hartwig s pentaphenylated ferrocenyl phosphines, have been developed for Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions. Buchwald-type ligand has been applied to polymerize dichloro monomers using Suzuki polycondensation. 

PPVs are accessible by polycondensation methods based on transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling processes. Several individual reactions are known. For example, using palladium catalysts, divinylbenzene yields with diiodobenzene derivates directly from PPV derivates. Another reaction, the Suzuki coupling, uses 1,4-aryldiboron acids and 1,2-dibromo-ethene with palladium catalysts to arrive at PPV. 

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