Crick, Francis, central dogma

Yes, the incorporation of nucleoside triphosphates into an acid-insoluble form is indicative of the presence of a polymerase. The polymerase is likely a DNA polymerase because dNTPs, and not NTPs, were used to form product. Further evidence for a DNA polymerase was that the radiolabeled product was destroyed by a nuclease, DNase, specific for hydrolyzing DNA, and not by one specific for RNA hydrolysis. Additionally, NaOH, which destroys RNA but not DNA, did not destroy the radiolabeled product. Pretreatment of the extract with the two hydrolytic enzymes demonstrated that the enzyme depends on an RNA and not a DNA template for its activity. Thus, this enzyme is an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. No such enzyme had been observed previously in a cell, and this demonstration, along with similar findings by Howard Temin, of its existence in an RNA tumor virus caused a revision of Francis Crick s central dogma of molecular biology, which stated that information flowed from DNA to RNA to proteins. The demonstration of this RNA-dependent DNA polymerase suggested that in some cases information could flow from RNA to DNA. (This question was derived from D. Baltimore. Viral RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. Nature 226 [1971]1209-1213.)... 

The central dogma of molecular biology was formulated by Francis Crick... 

Francis Crick enunciated the central dogma of molecular biology in 1958 DNA directs its own replication and its transcription to RNA that, in turn, directs its translation to protein. This statement is frequently oversimplified to DNA makes RNA makes protein. ... 

The central dogma of molecular biology was first defined by Francis Crick. See R. Olby, Francis Crick, DNA, and the Central Dogma . Daedalus Fall 1970, pp 970-986. 

As the field of molecular genetics grew, the DNA molecule became the focus of many research efforts. Francis Crick and George Gamov developed the sequence hypothesis to explain how DNA makes protein. They stated that the DNA sequence specifies the amino acid sequence of a protein and postulated the central dogma of molecular genetics the flow of genetic information is a one-way road, it always takes the direction from DNA to RNA to protein [16]. In the same year, 1957, Mathew Meselson and Frank Stahl demonstrated the replication mechanism of DNA [17]. In 1958, DNA polymerase became the first enzyme used to make DNA in a test tube. 

The central dogma of molecular biology, showing the general pathways of information flow via replication, transcription, and translation. The term "dogma" is a misnomer. Introduced by Francis Crick at a time when little evidence supported these ideas, the dogma has become a well-established principle. 

The flow of information in all cells is from DNA to RNA to protein, which is known as the central dogma of molecular biology it was formulated by Francis Crick shortly after the discovery of the structure of DNA. Information also can flow from DNA to DNA in both cells and among viruses that infect cells. Information also flows from RNA to RNA during the replication of RNA viruses such as the polio virus. The final permitted information transfer is from RNA to DNA, which only occurs in the case of retroviruses such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The only information transfer that is prohibited by the central dogma is from protein to RNA or to DNA. The permitted information transfers in cells (infected or uninfected) is summarized below. 

Starting in his childhood in England, Francis Crick developed a fascination with science. After his collaborative work on DNA with James Watson, for which the two received a Nobel Prize, Crick unraveled the mystery of how DNA bases code for the primary sequence of a protein, and in 1957 he introduced its central dogma. Since 1976 Crick has been studying the functions of the human brain. 

According to the central dogma proposed by Francis Crick, information flows from DNA to RNA to proteins. For the most part, this concept holds true. However, retroviruses provide one violation of this rule. When retroviruses invade cells, their RNA genome is transcribed to produce a DNA copy. The enzyme that catalyzes this process is encoded in the viral RNA and is known as reverse transcriptase. This DNA copy integrates into the genome of the infected cell, and enzymes of the host cell are used to produce many copies of the viral RNA, as well as viral proteins, which can be packaged into new viral particles. 

The well known central dogma of molecular biology, as hrst discussed by Francis Crick, is that DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is translated into protein (see Chapter 1 and Figure 3.1). The hrst of these steps is occasionally reversible, as in the case of reverse transcription of RNA to DNA in the life cycle of some viruses, but there remains no instance of... 

The central dogma formulated by Francis Crick in 1958 states that the flow of genetic information is from DNAto RNAto protein as follows ... 

About 25 years ago I decided to embark on a study of the proteins and nucleic acids that fimction in the replication and recombination of the genome and in the expression of genes into RNA and protein - the molecules involved in the process that Francis Crick called the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology (1). In the 1950s, long before all of the critical molecular players had been identified, Crick summarized the information flow in biology DNA is copied... 

The concept of the central dogma of molecular biology (Section 1.6), formulated in the late 1950s by Francis Crick may be summarized as DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)- RNA (ribonucleic acid) protein. 

We have come a long way in the journey toward understanding the molecular basis of life. Half a century ago, Francis Crick proposed the central dogma as a working model that credits the three-dimensional structure and function of proteins to their one-dimensional progenitors DNAs and RNAs [38], However, the discovery of posttranslational modification (PTM) makes it clear that the structure and function of proteins and polypeptides can be dictated by factors other than their encoding nucleic acids and amino acid building blocks [39]. 

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