Credibility mechanisms

Credible mechanisms have been identified for the extraterrestrial production and delivery to early Earth of organic molecules and amino adds containing a small e.e. The subsequent terrestrial sequestration of an initial e.e. and its amplification into dominance are processes for which biogenically credible mechanisms exist. The... 

A credible mechanism and the rate law deduced from it must obey the following three general requirements. 

Formulating credible mechanisms, i.e. accounting for all the electron movements and bonding changes in an acid- or base-catalysed reaction, is a difficult task although the framework on which the final mechanism is based is relatively easy to write. For this reason, and in the absence of evidence suggesting otherwise, a mechanism is conventionally illustrated as a series of steps as this enables the electron accounting to be most easily determined. This is illustrated by the mechanism for acid-catalysed acetal hydrolysis (Scheme 11.1a) shown... 

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Are there Credible Mechanisms for Beneficial Effects in Diabetic Neuropathy ... 

It is wise to look for supporting evidence before interpreting an association as evidence of a cause and effect relationship. In particular, you should be looking for a credible mechanism for any such relationship. Where there is a reasonable biolo-gical/chemical/physical explanation for how the alleged causal factor would bring about the effect, you will be on much safer ground. 

As confirmation of an inert radical production mechanism, iodine compounds are particularly effective because of the production of I atoms. However, there are big deficiencies in our understanding of the details of anti-knock chemistry. This is illustrated by the large differences in antiknock effectiveness shown in MacKinven s measurements between substances with apparently very similar composition [27]. As shown in Table 7.3, some of the methyl substituted diphenyl oxalates are quite good antiknocks, with up to 1.1 times the molar effectiveness of NMA. But another is pro-knock. The mechanism responsible for this structure/property dependence is not known. More recently, high effectiveness has been reported for ashless materials related to dialkyl amino fulvenes [28-31], but no credible mechanisms have been published. No ashless anti-knocks have proved sufficiently cost-effective to be used commercially. 

Credibility Mechanisms. A lack of trust in reported information will prevent stakeholders from reading and using the information contained in sustainability reports and may also lead to a loss of trust in the company. Companies can employ a range of mechanisms to enhance the credibility of their communications, as identified in Table 6.16. 

It is reasonable to state that, where surface electrical properties are concerned, the vast bulk of the published hterature is consistent and indicates that the additirai of even a very small quantity ( 1 %) of a nanohller can significantly improve the performance of polymers. Although different authors have ascribed these effects to different mechanisms, examination of the broader literature provides credible mechanisms, which have a structural origin and are largely associated with a good dispersion of the nanofiller combined with the consequent close proximity of the nanoparticles and the polymer. 

Studies of shock-compressed matter have progressed to a point for which detailed, sophisticated technology can probe mechanical responses in considerable detail. The detailed measurements now available appear to provide descriptions beyond that which can be predicted or fully interpreted on an established theoretical basis. As the conditions encountered are so unusual, a heavy reliance must be placed on the credibility of the experiments. Of particular importance is a recognition of the restricted view provided by a particular experiment, from both loading and sample response capabilities. 

The results of IFN-a-based therapy can theoretically be improved by using better-tolerated drugs that mimic the action of ribavirin and/or by using HCV inhibitors that, when combined, substantially reduce HCV replication. Since the mechanism of action of ribavirin is still unknown, no credible alternative approach is currently available. In contrast, many specific inhibitors of the HCV replication cycle are in preclinical development and several have reached chnical development (Pawlotsky et al. 2007). A number of them are being tested in combination with pegylated IFN-a, with or without ribavirin. 

I want to emphasize, above all, that these theories of matter as stresses, strains, singularities, or vortices of ether, were mechanical (and even hydro-dynamic) theories. When scientists such as Crookes and Lodge, and Theoso-phists such as Besant and Leadbeater, melded physics with spiritual and psychic forces via theories of the ether (and the additional particles that Theosophy added to the equation), they were lending scientific credibility to spiritual ideas. Paradoxically, in their critique of scientific materialism, they asserted a mechanical theory of spirituality. Theosophy thus required a form of vitalism to counterbalance the mechanistic tendencies of its physics. 

The MMFF molecular mechanics model provides an excellent account of C-N and C-0 bond distances. SYBYL also presents a credible account, although bond lengths for some systems are significantly in error. MMFF is clearly the better choice. 

---