Creatine transporter

Dodd, J. R. and Christie, D. L. (2001) Cysteine 144 in the third transmembrane domain of the creatine transporter is located close to a substrate-binding site.. /. Biol. Chem. 276, 46983-46988. 

Immunohistochemical study ND not determined GLUT1 facilitative glucose transporter MCT1 monocarboxylate transporter CRT creatine transporter LAT1 L-type amino acid transporter TAUT taurine transporter ENT equilibrative nucleoside transporter Oatp organic anion-transporting polypeptide PAH p-aminohippuric acid RUI retinal uptake index TR-iBRB rat retinal capillary endothelial cells. 

T. Nakashima, M. Tomi, K. Katayama, M. Tachikawa, M. Watanabe, T. Terasaki, and K. Hosoya. Blood-to-retina transport of creatine via creatine transporter (CRT) at the rat inner blood-retinal barrier. J. Neumchem. 89 1454—1461... 

Stromberger C, Bodamer OA, Stockler-Ipsiroglu S (2003) Clinical characteristics and diagnostic clues in inborn errors of creatine metabolism. J Inherit Metab Dis 26 299-308 Salomons GS, van Dooren SJ, Verhoeven NM, Marsden D, Schwartz C, Cecil KM, DeGrauw TJ, Jakobs C (2003) X-linked creatine transporter defect an overview. J Inherit Metab Dis 26 309-318... 

Mancini GM, Catsman-Berrevoets CE, de Coo IF, Aarsen FK, Kamphoven JH, Huijmans JG, Duran M, van der Knaap MS, Jakobs C, Salomons GS (2004) Two novel mutations in SFC6A8 cause creatine transporter defect and distinctive X-linked mental retardation in two unrelated Dutch families. Am J Med Genet A 132 288-295... 

Alfa Lipoic Acid Without writing an ad for anybody, let me simply say that Lipoic Acid increases receptor site sensitivity while also mimicking Insulin s actions. Though my choice for micro-nutrient of the year award for maximum creatine transport without an increase in bodyfat synthesis would be 4-hydroxy- Isoleucine. Major potential here ... 

Guimbal, C. Kilimann, M.W. (1993). A Na+-dependent creatine transport in rabbit brain, muscle, heart and kidney. cDNA cloning and functional expression. J. Biol. Chem. 268, 8418-8421. 

Salomons GS, van Dooren SJM, Verhoeven NM, Marsden D, Schwartz C, Cecil KM, et al. X-Hnked creatine transporter defect an overview. J Inherit Metab Dis 2003 26 309-18. 

A For Creatine supplementation to result in an increase in strength and protein synthesis, the cellular concentration level must reach 20 MMOL/KG DM. During a 5 day loading periods with a high glycemic carbohydrate such as Dextrose and Creatine, the level reaches MMOL/KG DM. When Creatine levels increase in muscle cells, the active Creatine transporters are down-regulated, so less Creatine is transported. This could be avoided if the Creatine is fortified with the Creatine substrate 3-guanidinopropionate. Second, Creatine cannot be diffused across the muscle cell... 

Creatine transporter (Crl) deficiency (CRTR) Brain muscle virus-transformed lymphoblasts cultured fibroblasts Xp28 300036... 

Fig. 24.1. Metabolic pathway of creatine/creatine-phosphate. AGAT, arginine glycine amidinotransferase GAMT, guanidinoacetate methyltransferase CRTR, creatine transporter CK, creatine kinase...

Table 24.3, Creatine transporter (CRTR) deficiency, data refer to the only (6 year old) patient known so far [IS]...

Fig. 24.2. Diagnostic flow chart for the patient with creatine biosynthesis and cellular creatine transporter defect. Starting points are clinical symptoms and/or finding of I MRS brain creatine/creatinephosphate...

According to the creatine pathways in the body, two main categories of disorders in creatine metabolism can be expected disorders in creatine synthesis, and disorders of cellular creatine transport. 

Cecil KM, Salomons GS, Ball WS, Wong B, Chuck G, Verhoeven NM, Jakobs C, De-grauw TJ. Irreversible brain creatine deficiency with elevated serum and urine creatine A creatine transporter defect Ann Neurol 2001 49 (3) 401-404... 

Corticosterone methyl oxidase II deficiency Costeff optic atrophy syndrome Coupling state defect Creatine deficiency Creatine transporter deficiency Cu-binding P-type ATPase deficiency y-Cystathionase deficiency Cystathionine gamma-lyase deficiency Cystathionine y -synthase deficiency Cystathioninuria... 

DeGrauw, T.J., K.C. Cecil, G.S. Salomons, S.J.M. Van Dooren, N.M. Verhoeven, WS. Ball, and C. Gadobs, The clinical syndrome of creatine transporter deficiency, in 6th Internationl Conference on Guarddino Compounds in Biology and Medicine. Cincinatti, OH, 2001 (abstract). 

Tarnopolsky, M.A., A. Parshad, B. Walzel, U. Schlattner, and T. Wallimaim, Creatine transporter and mitochondrial creatine kinase protein content in myopathies. Muscle Nerve, 24 682-688, 2001. 

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