Cracking processes combination

Dieselmax A petroleum cracking process which combines mild hydrocracking with thermal cracking to maximize the production of middle distillate without using more hydrogen than hydrocraking alone. Developed by UOP. 

Dynacracking A petroleum cracking process which combines the best features of the "catalytic cracking and Thermal cracking processes. It converts heavy oil feedstocks to fuel gas, gasoline, and fuel oil. No catalyst is used. Developed in the 1950s by Hydrocarbon Research, but not commercialized. 

Orthoflow A fluidized-bed catalytic cracking process in which the reactor and regenerator are combined in a single vessel. Designed by the MW Kellogg Company and widely used in the 1950s. First operated in 1951 by the British American Oil Company at Edmonton, Alberta. By 1994, more than 120 units had been built. 

THERMOCAT A petroleum cracking process which combines frxed-bed catalytic cracking with steam cracking. Developed by Veba Oel and Linde from 1994. See PYROCAT. 

Other processes are combined with fractional distillation to obtain the multitude of chemicals used in the petrochemical industry. Cracking is a process where large organic molecules are broken up into smaller molecules. Thermal cracking involves the use of heat and pressure. Catalytic cracking employs various catalysts to reduce the amount of heat and pressure required during the cracking process. All lation is a process... 

The Wulff process, which is in operation in Europe and South America with varying degrees of success, uses twin regenerative furnaces for cracking light petroleum fractions. The mixed gas product from the furnace is first combined with HC1, which reacts with the acetylene to form VCM. Ethylene then reacts with chlorine to form EDC. An EDC cracking process converts EDC to VCM and HC1, and HC1 is recycled to react with the acetylene in the mixed gas product. 

Houdry hydrocracking a catalytic process combining cracking and desulfurization in the presence of hydrogen. 

In quite a different application, a novel approach for producing olefins via a hydrocarbon-steam cracking process, without the use of a catalyst, was demonstrated to benefit from the use of a honeycomb monolithic catalytic reactor [28]. A typical problem associated with cracking processes of this type is maintaining the appropriate combination of heat transfer and residence time, which, if not balanced, will lead to either poor conversion... 

Finally, most cracking processes do not use pure compounds. Instead, they use complex hydrocarbon mixtures containing appreciable amounts of sulfur compounds which can act as both initiators and inhibitors of radical chain reactions. This can become a serious problem since our thermochemical and kinetic data on sulfur compounds are limited. In addition, the inclusion of too many starting reactants can impose intolerable borders on even large computers. Under the circumstances, the scheme must be simplified by a combination of methods which include careful adjustment of "averaged kinetic parameters with available data. Many of these can be done reasonably well by analyzing product ratios. Others cannot be done by any simply specifiable procedures but only by trial and error in terms of unique systems. 

One of several laboratory teks to investigate hydrogen cracking. The combined thickness (thermal severity), welding process, weld hydrogen level, preheat and heat input can be varied independently. The test is a fillet weld with a deliberate root gap and a moderate restraint level results of CTS tests provided the basis of most of the welding procedure diagrams in the present text. 

Definition Complex combination of hydrocarbons from distillation of prods, from thermal cracking process consists predominantly of unsat. hydrocarbons in Cl 5-36 range likely to contain > 5% 4-6 membered condensed ring aromatic hydrocarbons... 

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