Cracking of long chain hydrocarbons

The case of solids handling was the basic reason for the success of catalytic cracking of long-chain hydrocarbons in the fluidized bed (Fig. 15). The cracking reaction is endothermic and involves the deposition of... 

Figure 6.2.2 Cracking of long chain hydrocarbon molecules...

Common synthetic-based raw materials for surfactant production include ethylene, and propylene. Crude oil consists of a complex mixture of long chain hydrocarbons and aromatic molecules. Natural gas is a mixture of short chain hydrocarbons rich in methane, ethane, propane, and butane. The exact composition of both depends on its source and how it has been processed. Ethylene and propylene are produced by thermal or catalytic cracking of natural gas or aromatic rich petroleum streams. 

Grey-coloured chemicals and associated arrows indicate auxiliary chemicals which are not further processed at either site. As common in steam-cracking, the fraction of C hydrocarbons produced as a by-product is immediately used for heating the cracker furnaces. Similarly, the fraction of long-chained hydrocarbons (Cg+) is used as fuel for steam production at both sites.Hydrogen (H2) is produced and consumed by various plants. 

Hydrocracking Catalytic cracking/hydrogenation of long-chain hydrocarbons Vacuum gas oil Gasoline, jet fuel... 

Example 1.7 After separating gas, gasoline, naphtha, and gas oil fi om crude petroleum, the residue is depolymerized and then further distilled for these materials. Discuss the depolymerization of long-chain hydrocarbon (called Visbreaking step). Sometimes, a catalytic cracking process is used. Discuss the difference between the two. 

Vacuum distillation increases the amount of the middle distillates and produces luhricating oil base stocks and asphalt. The feed to the unit is the residue from atmospheric distillation. In vacuum distillation, reduced pressures are applied to avoid cracking long-chain hydrocarbons present in the feed. 

Cracking, or beta-scission, is a key feature of ionic cracking. Beta-scission is the splitting of the C-C bond two carbons away from the positive-charge carbon atom. Beta-scission is preferred becau.se the energy required to break this bond is lower than that needed to break the adjacent C-C bond, the alpha bond. In addition, short-chain hydrocarbons are less reactive than long-chain hydrocarbons. The rate of... 

These reactors take long chain hydrocarbons and crack them to produce a whole host of shorter chain hydrocarbons. To illustrate... 

CRACKING OF SOME LONG CHAIN HYDROCARBONS ON HZSM-5 ZEOLITES ZHANG YULONG, OU GUANGYAO and ZHANG ZHI... 

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