Counterfeiting

It should be pointed out, that one of the existing negative points with bad economical and social consequences is the appearance of false and counterfeit securities, documents, notes as well as traveling cards, identity cards and etc. Each year the number of confiscated counterfeit notes is increased on 10%. 

Naebluft,/. additional air. nacbm., abbrev. (nachmittags) p.u. nacbmacben, v.t. imitate, counterfeit. — nacb-gemaebt, p.a. imitation, counterfeit, artificial. Nacbmaisebe,/. after-mash, nacbmalig, a. subsequent. 

Fig. 8-4. Histograms made from x-ray spectrographic chart recordings for one genuine and two counterfeit bank notes. (Bee also Fig. 7-1.) These counterfeit bills were obtained through the courtesy of the United States Secret Service Office at Syracuse, N.Y., with whose permission these data are presented.

Copper-zinc alloy, analysis, 177-179 Corrosion, of Monel metals, study by x-ray emission spectrography, 231 of stainless steels, study by x-ray emission spectrography, 230, 231 Counter, windowless, 55, 222 Counterfeit bank notes, histograms from, 225-227 Counters, see Detectors Counting, electronic, 46 Counting error, 65, 66 equation, 66, 278... 

C06-0111. A coin dealer, offered a rare silver coin, suspected that it might be a counterfeit nickel copy. The dealer heated the coin, which weighed 15.5 g, to 100.0 °C in boiling water and then dropped the hot coin into 21.5 g of water at =15.5°C ina coffee-cup calorimeter. The temperature of the water rose to 21.5 °C. Was the coin made of silver or nickel ... 

Counterfeit products, products of dubious quality and faulty information — especially exaggerated claims of efficacy — are often found to be widespread in the informal sector. Unlicensed manufacturers, importers, wholesalers, retailers and even persons engaged in the pharmaceutical business pose difficult challenges to dmg regulation. The DRA should not allow the informal sector to remain a loophole in regulation. Monitoring of pharmaceutical activities should cover the informal as well as the formal sector. 

In Mger, fake meningitis vaccines, administered during an epidemic in which more than 26 700 people had contracted the disease, led to the deaths of 2 500 people ). Substandard and counterfeit products are not only a problem in developing countries, but in developed countries as well (7,8,9,10,11). 

Generally, in most developing countries, dmg regulation is very weak, and the safety, efficacy and quality of imported or locally manufactured dmgs cannot, therefore, be assured. Studies carried out in some countries show that about 20% of tested dmg products fail to meet quality standards. Reports have also shown that the prevalence of substandard and counterfeit dmgs is higher in countries where dmg regulation is ineffective. 

Unrenewed/expired licence Counterfeit products Illegally imported products Expired products being sold Unregistered products on the market Products stored under improper conditions... 

Examining the inspectors workloads will also help to establish reasons for the success or failure of the inspection process. EHiring their inspection of pharmaceutical establishments, inspectors may learn of the presence of unregistered products, counterfeit products, etc. Quantitative information on these and other issues is valuable as an outcome measure. 

Csillag C. Epidemic of counterfeit drugs eauses eoneem in Brazil. Lancet, 15 August 1998, 352 55. 

Italian police seize counterfeit medieines (editorial). Scrip, 14 July 2000,2557 6. 

A Hermetic treatise [on the counterfeiting of precious metals and of the counterfeiting of precious stones] edited by Jon Symon. Hamilton (ON) Acorn, 1979. 

Description and Assessment of Deterrent Features, in Counterfeit Deterrent Features for the Next-Generation Currency Design, National Materials Advisory Board (Washington, DC National Academy Press, 1993), Chap. 4. 

Counterfeit Money Detector. Trade2000 (USA) Inc., http //www.trade2000.com/ intro.htm and http //www.trade2000.com/detector3.htm... 

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