Coumarins chamomile

They also interact with supplements containing coumarin (chamomile, motherwort, horse chestnut, fenugreek, red clover). 

The term pasaon flower is used to denote many of the approximately 400 species of the herb. F saon flower has been used in medicine to treat pain, anxiety, and insomnia. Some herbalists use the herb to treat symptoms of parkinsonism. F saon flower is often used in combination with other herbs , such a valerian, chamomile, and hops, for promoting relaxation, rest and sleep. Although no adverse reactions have been reported, large doses may cause CNS depression. The use of passion flower is contraindicated in pregnancy and in patientstaking the monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). Fission flower contains coumarin, and the risk of bleeding may be increased when used in patientstaking warfarin and pasaon flower. 

Matricaria recutita, known as German chamomile, is also purported to have antispasmodic properties. It is taken most often as a tea up to four times a day. Benzodiazepine, alcohol, and warfarin users should be cautioned against taking this product because it can cause drowsiness, and it contains coumarin derivatives.20... 

The different constituents present in the plant may belong to different chemical groups. For example, chamomile contains pharmacologically active essential oils, polyacetylenes, terpenoids, flavonoids, coumarins, and polysaccharides. 

Coumarin constituents (black cohosh, chamomile, fenugreek, horse chestnut, sweet melilot, tonka beans, sweet woodruff). Naturally occurring coumarins are only weakly anticoagulant, but improper storage causes the production of dicoumarol by microbial transformation. Woodruff may contain constituents of warfarin... 

Chamomile contains coumarins and may enhance the effect of prescription anticoagulants. The herb is an antispasmodic and slows the motility of the Gl tract. This action might decrease the absorption of dnig.s. Chamomile preparations may be adulterated with chamomile pollen. This may cause allcigy. anaphylaxi.s. and atopic dermatitis. 

Fungal cultures of Microsporum cookie were incubated with the aqueous extract of German chamomile (Chamomila recutita) and one coumarin hemiarin, Fig. (41), isolated from this plant [242]. Both hemiarin. Fig. (41) and Chamomila recutita extract show a clear antifungal activity at 100 and 23 pg/ml, respectively. The main changes were due to inhibition of hyphal outgrowth, apical furcation and thickening of the cell wall. 

Both species of chamomile used medicinally Matricaria recutita also known as Matricaria chamomilla or Chamomilla recutita and Anthemis nobilis also known as Chamaemelum nobile) are known to contain coumarins, but natural coumarins are not always anticoagulants, see Coumarins + Herbal medicines , above. There appear to be no reports of chamomile alone causing bleeding. 

Chamomile has been indicated as an herb with the theoretical potential for interacting with warfarin due to the coumarin content of the herb (Heck et al. 2000). The cou-marin content, however, consists of the coumarin derivatives herniarin and umbelliferone. Herniarin has been shown to have hemostatic activity (Ahmad and Misra 1997) and umbelliferone has shown no evidence of anticoagulant activity (Egan et al. 1990 Feuer 1974 Pelkonen et al. 1997). The flavonoid apigenin has been shown to inhibit platelet aggregation in vitro (Landolfi et al. 1984 Teng et al. 1985). 

Ahmad, A., and L. Misra. 1997. Isolation of a coumarin hemiarin in German chamomile flowers. Int. J. Pharmacog. 35 121-125. 

Four chemotypes, characterized as A, B, C, and D, dominate M. recutita, although as many as 11 different German chamomile chemotypes have been reported, which show considerable variation in flavonoid concentration and bisaboloid profile, but with only slight differences in coumarin and phenolic acid content. The four main chemotypes are dominated, respectively, by bisabolol, bisabolol oxide A, bisabolol oxide B, and bisabolone oxide A. ... 

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