Cough enzyme inhibitors

Tenenbaum, A., et al. (2000). Intermediate, but not low, doses of aspirin can suppress angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-induced cough, Am. J. Hypertens., 13, 776-782. 

Potentially as effective as or more effective than angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, without cough no evidence yet for reduction in morbidity and mortality as first-line agents in hypertension whether they provide the same cardiac and renal protection also still tentative like ACE inhibitors, less effective in black patients... 

Oparil S. Eprosartan versus enalapril in hypertensive patients with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-induced cough. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 1999 60 1-4. 

Lindgren BR, Andersson RG. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and their influence on inflammation, bronchial reactivity and cough. A research review. Med Toxicol Adverse Drug Exp 1989 4(5) 369-80. 

Kaufman J, Casanova JE, Riendl P, Schlueter DP. Bronchial hyperreactivity and cough due to angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibitors. Chest 1989 95(3) 544-8. 

Fogari R, Zoppi A, Tettamanti F, Malamani GD, Tinelli C, Salvetti A. Effects of nifedipine and indometha-cin on cough induced by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors a double-blind, randomized, cross-over study. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1992 19(5) 670-3. 

Zee RY, Rao VS, Paster RZ, Sweet CS, Lindpaintner K. Three candidate genes and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-related cough a pharmacogenetic analysis. Hypertension 1998 31(4) 925-8. 

IsraUi ZH, Hall WD. Cough and angioneurotic edema associated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy. A review of the literature and pathophysiology. Ann Intern Med 1992 117(3) 234-42. 

Mukae S, Aoki S, Itoh S, Iwata T, Ueda H, Katagiri T. Bradykinin B(2) receptor gene polymorphism is associated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-related cough. Hypertension 2000 36(1) 127-31. 

Hargreaves MR, Benson MK. Inhaled sodium cromo-glycate in angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor cough. Lancet 1995 345(8941) 13-16. 

Suspected adverse drug reactions, e.g. dry cough is a well-known side-effect of angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibitors... 

Adverse drug reactions drugs that can produce cough as a side-effect include angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and beta-blockers. 

Sebastian JL, McKinney WP, Kaufman J, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and cough Prevalence in an outpatient medical chnic population. Chest 1991 99 36-39. 

Malini PL, Strocchi E, Zanardi M, et al. Thromboxane antagonism and cough induced by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. Lancet 1997 350 15-18. 

Figure 11-4. Actions of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and AT receptor blockers. The enzyme is responsible for activating angiotensin by conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II and for inactivating bradykinin, a vasodilator normally present in very low concentrations. Block of the enzyme thus decreases the concentration of a vasoconstrictor and increases the concentration of a vasodilator. The AT, receptor antagonists lack the effect on bradykinin levels, which may explain the lower incidence of cough observed with these agents.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor prototype used in HTN, diabetic nephropathy, and CHF. Tox hyperkalemia, fetal renal damage, cough ( sore throat ). Other prils benzepril, enalapril. lisinopril, quinapril. 

Dicpinigaitis PV (1996) Use of baclofen to suppress cough induced by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, Ann Pharmacother 30 1242-1245 Dicpinigaitis PV, Dobkin JB (1997) Antitussive effect of the GABA-agonist baclofen. Chest 111 996-999... 

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors are effective in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. ACE inhibitors also prevent bra-dykinin metabolism and, as a result, may produce the side effect of cough and angioedema. Many of the known ACE inhibitors were developed without the aid of computational chemistry techniques. However, a number of studies have used computational methods to design mimics of other nonpeptidic ACE inhibitors. 

Baker-Smith CM, Benjamin DK Jr, Califf RM, Murphy MD, Li JS, Smith PB. Cough in pediatric patients receiving angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy or angiotensin receptor blocker therapy in randomized controlled trials. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2010 87(6) 668-71. 

Bangalore S, Kumar S, Messerlu FH. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor associated cough deceptive information from the Physicians Desk Reference. Am J Med 2011 123 1016-30. 

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