Costing factors affecting success

The single overriding factor affecting the success of a flue gas treatment system is the total system cost. All elements of a flue gas treatment system either directly or indirectly affect the total cost to own and operate the system over its expected life. These systems are not installed by utility or industrial companies to produce a profit but instead are often viewed as a drain on the resources of the company. The user of the technology is, therefore, interested in applying the most economical flue gas treatment system available. 

Many factors affect the ability to place a pesticide on the target in the manner and amount for most effective results, with the least undesirable side effects, and at the lowest possible cost. Certainly the selection and use of equipment are of utmost importance and deserve major emphasis when considering pesticide application. However, without proper consideration to calibration, formulation, adjuvants, compatibility, and use records, successful appli-... 

This is a computerized system produced by DNA Systems Inc. of Flint, Michigan. Erley (1971) has compared the performances of S/RCH-I, S/RCH-III, and FIRST-1 using the ASTM infrared data file. He used a test group of 138 unknown spectra selected at random from the literature. Features introduced into the FIRST-1 system increased the accuracy and precision above those of the other systems. Also, a novice could obtain successful results about as well as an expert. The cost per performance (taking all the factors affecting the search into account) was lowest for the FIRST-1 system. 

The complexities of large-scale applications arise from the absolute requirements for optimal productivity (gram product/cm /hour), cost effectiveness, and product purity. Many technical factors affect these issues. Evaluating these factors for a given application is paramount to successfully utilizing SEC at the industrial scale. 

In addition to the economic and environmental gains, other advantages of this product are the facts that the manipulation of chemicals can be avoided and that the virus is species-specific. It only affects invertebrates and causes no harm to other insects that could be natural bioinsecticides to other pests. Moreover, other factors that contribute to its success are the high virulence of the virus and its infection efficiency, the low cost of the product compared with chemical insecticides, and the fact that this is a unique pest in most producing areas. The sum of these advantages makes the baculovirus very attractive as a bioinsecticide (Moscardi, 1999 Moscardi and Souza, 2002 Szewczyk et al., 2006). 

Whilst simple in concept, each step requires an understanding of environmental, physical and biological factors that may affect the procedure. Perhaps the most important of the three steps is isolation of the objects. Isolating an object requires construction of a suitable barrier around the object. This means any enclosure system must successfully maintain such a low level of oxygen for extended periods of time, ideally with a minimum of intervention and cost. The enclosure may be hard-walled or soft-walled. The soft-walled, e.g. heat-sealable oxygen barrier film, gives the flexibility to create any sized... 

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