Cost-effectiveness analysis study design

O Brien B, Drummond MF, Labelle RJ, Willan A (1994). In search of power and significance issues in the design and analysis of stochastic cost-effectiveness studies in health care. Med Care 32, 150-63. 

Further studies are needed to give better dose-response information and to provide a frequency distribution of the population response to oxidants alone and in combination with other pollutants at various concentrations. Such studies should include the effects of mixed pollutants over ranges corresponding to the ambient atmosphere. With combinations of ozone and sulfur dioxide, the mixture should be carefully characterized to be sure of the effects of trace pollutants on sulfate aerosol formation. The design of such studies should consider the need to use the information for cost-benefit analysis and for extrapolation from animals to humans and from small groups of humans to populations. Recent research has indicated the possibility of human a ptation to chronic exposure to oxidants. Further study is desirable. 

However, the conunercial lAMS apparatus is too cumbersome for use in field analysis of air samples. Unfortunately, the commercial apparatus is not practical for the study of atmospheric environments. Therefore, to develop a new, compact and fieldable lAMS system by eliminating the differential pumping stage is desirable. The primary objeetive for the development was to design a system that can be easily transported to the field and that can detect any chemical species at atmospheric pressirre on a real-time basis. A single turbomolecular pump is employed as the vacuirm system to fill the basic requirements for vacuum conditions this is simple and cost effective. The optimal operation parameters for its use, the details and operation of the capillary leak inlet, and the system s analytical power in some preliminary applications are described also in this section... 

---