Corrosion features volume

Adhesives and sealers can be an important part of a total corrosion protection system. Structural bonding procedures and adhesives for aluminum, polymer composites, and titanium are well established in the aerospace industry. Structural bonding of steel is gaining increasing prominence in the appliance and automotive industries. The durability of adhesive bonds has been discussed by a number of authors (see, e.g., 85). The effects of aggressive environments on adhesive bonds are of particular concern. Minford ( ) has presented a comparative evaluation of aluminum joints in salt water exposure Smith ( ) has discussed steel-epoxy bond endurance under hydrothermal stress Drain et al. (8 ) and Dodiuk et al. (8 ) have presented results on the effects of water on performance of various adhesive/substrate combinations. In this volume, the durability of adhesive bonds in the presence of water and in corrosive environments is discussed by Matienzo et al., Gosselin, and Holubka et al. The effects of aggressive environments on adhesively bonded steel structures have a number of features in common with their effects on coated steel, but the mechanical requirements placed on adhesive bonds add an additional level of complication. 

The simultaneous multielement capability and low detection limits of an ICAP facilitates the analysis of mass-limited samples. Kniseley et al. (9) discussed this advantage with respect to small sample volumes of blood and serum. This feature was indispensable in the analysis of all specimens of human origin. Other areas where limited sample masses have been analyzed relate to materials testing, air particulates, and corrosion testing. Sample masses as low as a few milligrams have been successfully analyzed for 200-/xL volumes. 

These processes essentially indude the Alkar technology, industrialized in 1958 by UOP, which displays the special feature of being able to use cracked gases with a low ethylene content (8 to 10 per cent volume), and another of using bantu trifluoride deposited on alumina as the catalyst system, thus minimizing corrosion. It currently accounts for nearly 1 million t/year of capacity. 

The shiny appearance, low-weight per volume, favorable mechanical properties such as material strength, ease of forming, and handling are some favorable features of aluminum and hence its use in the food industry. In addition, aluminum has a better corrosion resistance than carbon steel as it readily forms a protective film that prevents further atmospheric corrosion. Aluminum is also lighter than stainless steel and hence its use in beverage cans. 

Fuel tanks have been made of steel since automotive production began. One of the major disadvantages of this material has proven to be corrosivity. This became an issue mainly from inside the product, since underbody sealing (e.g., with PVC plas-tisols) helped cope with corrosion from the outside. Moreover, as more and more additional technical features were incorporated into cars, space for the fuel tank became limited. Early concepts identified spaces in the car trunk or behind the rear seat row, but it became common practice to place the fuel tank under the car body in the rear section. This meant additional forming requirements to accommodate various requirements such as maximization of tmnk volume, safety features, and provision of sufficient space for the rear axle and muffler. It became increasingly difficult to realize the complex geometries of fuel tanks based on metal stampings. Moreover,... 

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