Corona discharge reaction products

Several environment-friendly surface preparation for the treatment of mbber soles with radiations have been recently studied. These treatments are clean (no chemicals or reactions by-products are produced) and fast, and furthermore online bonding at shoe factory can be produced, so the future trend in surface modification of substrates in shoe industry will be likely directed to the industrial application of those treatments. Corona discharge, low-pressure RF gas plasma, and ultraviolet (UV) treatments have been successfully used at laboratory scale to improve the adhesion of several sole materials in shoe industry. Recently, surface modification of SBR and TR by UV radiation has been industrially demonstrated in shoe industry... 

The desorption of explosives from the passes was achieved by short wave infrared radiation. The vapors produced were drawn into a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (MS/MS) and were monitored in the selected reaction monitoring (SRM). Ionization is carried out by corona discharge, followed by APCI. Ions formed from most explosives are M, [M-H]-, and adduct ions. One of these ions is selected to pass into the collision cell, to react with molecules of nitrogen, as a result of which a series of product ions are formed. In the SRM mode, one precursor ion and one product ion are chosen for each compound. The first and third quadruples are adjusted in order to enable SRM transition between these two ions. 

In some of our discharge experiments, we turned to the question of the origin of monocarboxylic acids under prebiotic conditions. If we assume that pre-existing abiotically synthesized fatty acids were necessary for the functioning of selective membranes, some mechanism must have existed for their formation. The reaction between methane and water appears to provide such a pathway. When a mixture of methane and water was exposed to a semi-corona discharge and the end products examined after saponification, the monocarboxylic acids from C2-Ci2 were identified (1). 

Ion-molecule reactions occurring at atmospheric pressure are employed for analyte ion production in atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI). Basically, APCI represents an atmospheric pressure variant of vacuum chemical ionization (Cl, Chap. 7). In APCI the reagent ion plasma is maintained by a corona discharge between the sharp tip of a needle and the spray chamber serving as the counter electrode. 

The grafting reactions initiated by free radicals discussed here have generally been identifiable, at least in part, by ESR spectroscopy. Other methods include chemical oxidation of cellulose by thermal decomposition of peroxides, ultrasonic radiation, electric-arc discharge (also called corona discharge), electrolysis, mechanical milling and oxidation of products of chemical reactions in the presence of vinyl monomers. Chemical modification of cellulose, e,g. by diazotization and thiocar-bonation, increases the rate of oxidation and of graft copolymer formation in the presence of vinyl monomers. ... 

Studying surface modification processes. A number of rubber and plastic products are modified after production by such processes as corona discharge and sterilisation by radiation. These processes will change the physical properties (e.g. modulus) of the surface layer of the polymer due to cross-linking and/or oxidation reactions. The microthermal analyser can be used to determine how uniform across the surface this modification is. 

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