Corona discharge ozone generation

Small portable corona discharge ozone generators (with capacities of less than 10 lb per day) typically cost 10,000 to 20,000. Larger portable units can cost more than 75,000. Laboratory treatability studies generally cost 5000 to 10,000 (D15853W). 

Ozone is a very strong oxidizer with a high potential of 2.07V. It has a high reactivity and a short stability, and its solubility in water is exceedingly modest. Therefore, it is more practicable to inject ozone as gas into the unsaturated zone of the soil than to try to create a solution with ozone. Transport of dissolved ozone in the soil-water phase is only possible by electro-osmosis, and due to the short lifetimes, only short distances are possible. Ozone is a by-product in many anodic processes, and the amount of its production is directly proportional to the applied current density. The more efficient way to produce ozone uses classical corona discharge ozone generators. Ozone is not the optimal mediator for electro-kinetic remediation, but an alternative or additional method for a remediation concept using aeration techniques. Ozone works as a direct oxidant and as well as a free radical ... 

For surface modification applications, thick grafting layers are unnecessary and even undesirable because they may change bulk physical properties of the polymer, such as crystallinity and tensile modulus. A two-step method can be used to minimize the formation of the homopolymer. The polymer is preirradiated in air to produce peroxide groups on the surface. Grafting is subsequently initiated thermally in contact with a monomer. Other methods such as corona discharge, ozone treatment, and plasma treatment have also been used to generate peroxide groups on polymer surfaces. 

In practice, such ozone cells are extensively automated to control the process cycle (Fig. 5.14(b)) and may incorporate ultraviolet facilities. Current applications include those sectors of the pharmaceutical and fine-chemicals industry which require ultra-pure water for critical synthetic steps or to meet stringent purity limits. In such applications, the electrolytic route to ultra-pure water, via ozone generation, is competing against the more traditional methods of sterile filtration (e.g. ultra-filtration), ultraviolet irradiation and the use of conventional air-phase corona-discharge ozonizers. 

In air, in the absence of additives, NO removal takes place by oxidation [56-58], Wu et al. [56] observed that the concentration of ozone generated in the corona discharge in the presence of NO is significantly smaller as compared to the ozone formed in air without NO under the same conditions. Thus, they concluded that NO oxidation by ozone and atomic oxygen is an important reaction path for the NO conversion. 

This process is not suitable for parts with very pronounced 3D shapes. On the other hand, it is well suited to films and sheets. The corona discharge generates ozone that can harshly attack some polymers. 

Pure ozone for ozonolysis of OA was generated from pure carbon dioxide by electric corona-discharge treatment, thus offering an industrially affordable process [65]. 

D. Skalny, J. Orszagh, S. Matejcik, N.J. Mason, Ozone generation in positive and negative corona discharge fed by humid oxygen and carbon dioxide. Phys. Scr. T131, 1-3 (2008)... 

In nature ozone occurs mainly by electrical and radiation generation. Ozone can be commercially generated by several methods electrical discharge (corona discharge), electrolysis of acid, photochemically (UV), radiochemically, and other less commonly used chemical methods. Electrical discharge generation is by far the most common, safest, and most economical method for ozone generation. ... 

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