Cormorant Double-crested, Phalacrocorax auritus

Sepulveda MS, Poppenga RH, Arrecis JJ, Quinn LB. 1998. Mercury and selenium concentrations in free-ranging in tissues from double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) from southern Florida. Colonial Waterbirds 2T35M2. 

TCDD/kg FW egg into yolks of the double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) prior to incubation produced an LD50 at hatch of 4.0 pg/kg hepatic EROD activities were elevated in all treatment groups when compared to controls, but development was normal (Powell et al. 1998). 

Powell, D.C., RJ. Aulerich, J.C. Meadows, D.E. Tillitt, M.E. Kelly, K.L. Stromborg, M.J. Melancon, S.D. Fitzgerald, and SJ. Bursian. 1998. Effects of 3,3, 4,4, 5-pentachlorobiphenyl and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorod-ibenzo-p-dioxin injected into the yolks of double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) eggs prior to incubation. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 17 2035-2040. 

Sanderson, J.T., RJ. Nosstrom, J.E. Elliott, L.E. Hart, K.M. Cheng, and G.D. Bellward. 1994b. Biological effects of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, and biphenyls in double-crested cormorant chicks (Phalacrocorax auritus). Jour. Toxicol. Environ. Health 41 247-265. 

Ludwig, J.R, et al., Deformities, PCBs, and TCDD-equivalents in double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) and Caspian terns (Sterna caspia) of the upper Great Lakes, 1986-1991 Testing a cause-effect hypothesis, J. Great Lakes Res., 22, 172, 1996. 

Double-crested cormorant, Phalacrocorax auritus Whole, 1983 4 FW 14... 

Jones, P.D., J.P. Giesy, J.L. Newsted, D.A. Verbrugge, J.P. Ludwig, M.E. Ludwig, H.J. Auman, R. Crawford, D.E. Tillitt, T.J. Kubiak, and D.A. Best. 1994. Accumulation of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents by double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus, Pelicaniformes) chicks in the North American Great Lakes. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety 27 192-209. 

Yamashita, N., Tanabe, S., Ludwig, J.P., Kurita, H., Ludwig, M.E., Tatsukawa, R., 1993. Embryonic abnormalities and organochlorine contamination in double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) and Caspian terns (Hydroprogne caspia) from the upper Great Lakes in 1988. Environ. Pollut. 79, 163-173. 

Common tern (Sterna hirundo) breeding in the sedimentation area of Rhine and Meuse rivers, were affected by non- and mono-ortho CB contamination, compared to the clean inland colony near Zeawolde [71]. Studies on double crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) using CB-126, 2,3,7,8-TCDD, and extract derived from field collected eggs revealed that chicken (Gallus domesti-cus) is at least 70 times more sensitive to developmental abnormalities such as pronounced edema [72],... 

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