Corals species

Extracts from Clavularia viridis and also many other coral species convert arachidonic acid to the prostanoidpreclavulone-A via 8-( f )-hydroperoxy-5,ll,14( Z), QfEj-eicosatetraenoic acid. The carbocyclization is considered to occur from allene oxide and oxidopentadienyl cation intermediates. An enantioselective total synthesis of preclavulone-A was developed to assist the biosynthetic research. 

The basic constituent of seashells is calcium carbonate, an insoluble compound formed from calcium ions secreted from the cells of the shellfish and carbonate ions present in seawater. But calcium carbonate is a white solid. The colors of seashells often arise from impurities and metabolic waste products captured in the solid shell as it is formed. Coloration is dictated by both diet and water habitat. For example, some cowries that live and feed on soft corals take on the hue of the coral species. Yellow and red colors often arise from carotenoid pigments such as //-carotene. Light refraction often generates the iridescent mother-of-pearl hues. 

Only a few species of coral have a combination of beauty, hardness, and luster, such the black coral species of Hawaii (Antipathes dichotoma and Antipathes grandis). These are highly valued by the jewelry trade. There are also a few red. pink. gold, and bamboo varieties that are in demand. Black coral also occurs in the Gulf of California and in the Pacific Ocean off Baja California, plus a few scattered locations in the Pacific Ocean east of Australia and north of New Zealand. Traditional sources of red and pink corals have been the Mediterranean Sea, various locations in the western... 

Vrolijk, N.H., Targett, N.M., Baier, R.E., and Meyer, A.E., Surface characterization of two gorgonian coral species implications for a natural antifouling defence, Biofouling, 2, 39, 1990. 

The majority of mollusks search out food by as yet unknown mechanisms that may be related to the chemical composition of their diet. A recent report of interest is that the muricid gastropod Drupella cornus which is a voracious predator of coral tissue locates its food source Montipora sp. through the presence of water-soluble sodium salts of montiporic acids C and D, 219 and 220, that are released in the mucus of this hard coral species.25... 

PROGRESS OF STUDIES ON THE NATURAL CEMBRANOIDS FROM THE SOFT CORAL SPECIES OF SARCOPHYTON GENUS... 

A new epoxy-bridged cembranoid diterpene 49 possessing antifouling activity was reported from an unidentified Thai soft coral species of the Sarcophyton genus, whose structure was assigned by NMR and NMR experiments. Two new cembranoids, 50 and 51, which showed cytotoxic activity on ehrlichacities tumor... 

Kuntz, N. M., Kline, D. I., Sandin, S. A., and Rohwer, P. (2005). Pathologies and mortality rates caused by organic carbon and nutrient stressors in three Caribbean coral species. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 294, 173-180. 

Some organism-specific calibrations are shown in Figure 4. They include results from controlled culture experiments with the two planktonic foraminiferal species Globigerinoides sacculifer and Orbulina universa (Sanyal et al. 1996, 2001) and the coral species Porites cylindrica and two species of Acropora (Honisch et al. 2004 Reynaud et al. 2004). 

Two common in-house bioassays to screen for metabolites exhibiting general cytotoxicity, the fertilized sea urchin egg cytotoxicity assay and the brine shrimp lethality assay, were used to identify bioactive diterpene metabolites in two soft coral species collected from Sodwana Bay and Ponto do Ouro respectively. Sodwana Bay specimens of Sarcophyton... 

Bengamides B (393) and Z (394) are naturally occurring caprolactams belonging to a larger family of 24 members, which have been isolated from coral species and... 

Vrolijk, N. H., Target , N. M., Baier, R. E. and Meyer, A. E., 1990. Surface Characterization of Two Gorgonian Coral Species Implications for Natural Antifouling Defense. Biofouling 2, 39-54. 

Coral Species Class of Substances Extraction Media and Extracted Substances Biological and Ecological Activity References... 

TABLE 1 Biological and Ecological Activities Produced by Extracts and/or Isolated Substances from Some Coral Species— Cont d... 

---