Coral snake antivenom

Clinically, mamba bites may not provoke a major local reaction. If neurotoxins are injected by the bite, clinical symptoms appear within minutes to hours. Clinical signs of impairment of neuromuscular transmission (ptosis, ophthalmoplegia, bulbar symptoms, or generalized weakness) dictate administration of antivenom (Ludolfph, 2000). For Elapidae (coral snakes) venom is known that is a potential neurotoxin and may cause paresthesias, weakness, cranial nerve dysfunction, confusion, fasciculations, and lethargy. Often mild local findings, diplopia, ptosis, and dysarthria are common early symptoms. Patients die because of respiratory paralysis. In these cases, early and aggressive... 

ANTIVENOM, MICRURUS FULVIUS (CORAL SNAKE), AND EXOTIC ANTIVENOMS... 

I. Pharmacology. To produce the antivenom, horses are hyperimmunized with venom from Micrurus fuMus, the eastern coral snake. The lyophilized protein preparation from pooled equine sera contains antibodies to venom fractions as well as residual serum proteins. Administered intravenously, the antibodies distribute widely throughout the body where they bind the target venom. 

Professor of Medicine, University of California, San Diego Director, Division of Medical Toxicology and Medical Director, California Poison Control System, San Diego Division Section II Hymenoptera Lionfish and Other Scorpaenidae Scorpions Snakebite Section III Antivenom, Crotalinae (Rattlesnake) Antivenom, Latrodectus Mactans (Black Widow Spider) Antivenom, Micrurus Fulvius (Coral Snake) and Exotic Antivenoms... 

On the other hand, the antivenom is indicated for all confirmed eastern coral snake bites (western, no antivenom) (Cameron, 2006). 

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