Copyright adaptation

Fifth Edition of Miall s Dictionary of Chemistry copyright Longman Group Ltd, 1981 This adaptation copyright Penguin Books Ltd, 1983 All rights reserved... 

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Copyright American Society for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 19103 reprinted/adapted with permission. To convert inches to millimeters, multiply hy 25.4 to convert pounds per foot to kilograms per meter, multiply hy 1.49. 

Copyright American Society for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 19103 reprinted/adapted with permission. 

FIG. 14-72 HETP values for four sizes of metal pall rings, vacuum operation. Cyclobexane/n-beptane system, total reflux,. 35 kPa (5.0 psia). Column diameter = 1.2 m (4.0 ft). Bed height = 3.7 m (12 ft). Distributor = tubed drip pan, 100 streams/nv. [Adapted from Shafiat and Kunesh, Ind. Eng. Cbem. Res., 34,1273 (1.9.9.5),] Reproduced with permission. Copyright 1995 American Chemical Society. 

A view down the fivefold symmetry axis of the icosahedtal structure (a) shows that the central capsomer is pentameric in shape and surrounded by five other capsomers as expected. The view down the pseudosixfold axis (h) shows, however, that the central capsomer is pentameric in shape and not hexameric as required for a T = 7 structure. (Adapted from 1. Rayment et al., Nature 295 110-115, 1982, hy copyright permission of Macmillan Magazines Limited.)... 

Adapted from Earth, 4th edition by Frank Press and Raymond Siever. Copyright t974, 1978, 1982, 1986 W.H. Freeman and Company. Reprinted with permission. 

FIGURE 8.13 SEC of casein hydrolyzates. Numbers above the peaks refer to the number of amino acid residues in the typical peptide in the indicated fraction. Column PolyHEA, 200 X 9.4 mm 5 /zm, 200 A. Flow rate 0.5 ml/min. Mobile phase 50 mtA Formic acid. Detection A250. Samples (A) Pancreatin hydrolyzate and (B) tryptic hydrolyzate. (Adapted from Ref. 29 with permission from Silvestre et of. Copyright 1994, American Chemical Society.)... 

Figure 15.3 Separation of tricyclic antidepressants by using multidimensional LC-LC. Peak identification is as follows DOX, doxepin DES, desipramine NOR, noitryptylene IMI, imipramine AMI, amiti yptyline. Adapted from Journal of Chromatography, 507, J. V. Posluszny et al., Optimization of multidimensional high-performance liquid cliromatography for the deterTnination of drugs in plasma by direct injection, micellar cleanup and photodiode array detection , pp. 267 - 276, copyright 1990, with permission from Elsevier Science.

Figure 15.5 Separation of Voriconazole and an internal standard by using SEC-HPLC. Adapted from Journal of Chromatography, B 691, D.A. Stopher and R. Gage, Determination of a new antifungal agent, voriconazole, by multidimensional high-perfomiance liquid chromatography with direct plasma injection onto a size exclusion column , pp. 441 -448, copyright 1997, with permission from Elsevier Science.

Figure 15.8 Multidimensional GC-MS separation of urinary acids after derivatization with methyl chloroformate (a) pre-column cliromatogram after splitless injection (h) Main-column selected ion monitoring cliromatogram (mass 84) of pyroglutamic acid methyl ester. Adapted from Journal of Chromatography, B 714, M. Heil et ai, Enantioselective multidimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the analysis of urinary organic acids , pp. 119-126, copyright 1998, with permission from Elsevier Science.

Figure 15.10 Primary (a) and secondary (b) separation of unleaded gasoline, where (a) shows the IRD chromatogram, and (b) shows the MSD total ion chromatogram of heart cut c. Adapted from Analytical Chemistry, 65, N. Ragunathan et al., Multidimensional gas chromatography with parallel cryogenic tr aps , pp. 1012-1016, copyright 1993, with permission from the American Chemical Society.

Figure 15.13 Comprehensive two-dimensional GC chromatogram of a supercritical fluid exti act of spiked human semm. Peak identification is as follows 1, dicamha 2, tiifluralin 3, dicliloran 4, phorate 5, pentachlorophenol 6, atrazine 7, fonofos 8, diazinon 9, cWorothalonil 10, terhufos 11, alachlor 12, matalaxyl 13, malathion 14, metalochlor 15, DCPA 16, captan 17, folpet 18, heptadecanoic acid. Adapted imm Analytical Chemistry, 66, Z. Liu et al., Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography for the fast separation and determination of pesticides exuacted from human senim , pp. 3086-3092, copyright 1994, with pemiission from the American Chemical Society.

Source Adapted from Ref. 1. Information in Table 2 is reproduced from technical literature by permission of ICI Surfactants subject to the following disclaimer The information and recommendations in this publication arc believed to be accurate and arc given in good faith, but the Customer should sati.sfy itself of the suitability of the contents for a particular purpose. ICI gives no warranty as to the fitness of the Product information and recommendations for any particular purpose and any implied warranty or condition (statutory or otherwise) is excluded except that such exclusion is prevented by law. Freedom under Patent, Copyright and Designs cannot be assumed."... 

Fig. 10 (a-f) Hierarchical self-assembly model for chiral rod-like units A curly tape (c ), a twisted ribbon (d ), a fibril (e ) and a fibre (f). Adapted from Aggeli et al. [20], Copyright 2001 National Academy of Sciences, USA... 

Fig. 12 Pn-4 (a, b) and Pn-8 (c, d) P-sheet variation measure by IR circles) and NMR triangles). 10 mg mL peptide solutions prepared in (a, c) D2O and (b, d) 130 mM NaCl in D2O. For Pii-4, I nematic gel, II flocculate, III nematic fluid, IV isotropic fluid. For Pn-8, I isotropic fluid, II biphasic solution. III nematic gel. Adapted from Carrick et al. [23]. Copyright 2007, with permission from Elsevier...

Fig. 31 Interaction of a peptide-diacetylene (as structure 2 above, but with the NHCOCH3 replaced by NHCOCH2CH2COOCH3) with an AFM tip. Left. The AFM tip has broken a fibril that had no UV crosslinked diacetylenes while trying to move it. Middle and right UV crosslinking allows manipulation with the AFM tip without damaging the fibril. Adapted with permission from Jahnke et al. [71]. Copyright Wiley-VCH...

Fig. 32 Transglutaminase (rGare)-mediated coupling between lysine and glutamine residues. Adapted with permission from Collier and Messersmith [72], Copyright 2003 American Chemical Society...

Fig. 9 Purification of ELPs by ITC is based on the reversible inverse phase transition. Le/i Protein purification via direct ELP fusions. A soluble ELP fused to a target protein becomes reversibly insoluble upon increasing temperature above 7,. Center Protein purification via ELP coaggregation. An excess of free ELPs enhances the aggregation of trace quantities of ELP-fusions. Right Purification via ELP-mediated affinity capture (EMAC). ELPs are fused to capture proteins, which bind specifically and reversibly to a target protein. This target protein can then be aggregated at temperatures above the T,. Adapted from [38] with permission from Elsevier, copyright 2010...

Fig. 1 Vesicle construct formed from poly(L-lysine)-i)-poly(L-leucme) polypeptides where the poly(L-leucine) block corresponds to the a-helical hydrophobic segments and the poly (L-lysine) block corresponds to the random coil hydrophilic segments. Note that this is one specific example and not all vesicle constructs have a-helical and random coil blocks. Moreover, the amphiphilic copolymer can be comprised of either a pure block copolypeptide or a macromolecule consisting of a polypeptide and another type of polymer. Adapted from [20] with permission. Copyright 2010 American Chemical Society...

Fig. 2 PICsomes formed from oppositely charged building blocks, (a) Chemical structures of the hybrid polypeptides for PICsomes and scheme of the PICsome preparation, (b) Cryo-TEM image of 100-nm-sized PICsomes (scale bar 50 run). Arrows indicate vesicle walls. Adapted from [70] with permission. Copyright 2010 American Chemical Society...

Fig. 3 Polypeptide vesicle with endocytosis capability, (a) Vesicles formed from poly(L-arginme)6o-h-poly(L-leucme)2o- The poly(L-arginme) block provides an added cell-penetrating feature to the vesicles, (b, c) LCSM images of internalized vesicles (green) containing Texas-Red-labeled dextran (red) in (b) epithelial and (c) endothelial cells. Colocalization of the vesicles and Texas-Red-labeled dextran appears as a yellow fluorescent signal. Adapted from [44] with permission.Copyright 2007 Macmillan Publishers...

Fig. 4 Polypeptide hybrid vesicle that was used to load DOX. (a) Representation of the hyaluronan-h-poly(y-benzyl glutamate) vesicle. Adapted from [50] with permission. Copyright 2009 American Chemical Society, (b) Tumor regression data after administration of free DOX and DOX-loaded hyaluronan-h-poly(y-benzyl glutamate) vesicles (PolyDOX). Reprinted from [80] with permission. Copyright 2010 Elsevier...

Fig. 5 Polypeptide vesicles demonstrate the ability to utilize the EPR effect, (a) Chemical structure of the amphiphilic block polypeptide PSar-b-PMLG. (b) Fluorescence image using fluorescently labeled PEG. Fluorescence is not observed in the cancer site although accumulation is observed in the bladder, (c) Fluorescence image using ICG-labeled vesicles, showing evidence of vesicle accumulation due to the EPR effect. Adapted from [41] with permission. Copyright 2008 American Chemical Society...

Figure 46-5. Variations in the way in which proteins are inserted into membranes. This schematic representation, which illustrates a number of possible orientations, shows the segments of the proteins within the membrane as a-helicesand the other segments as lines. The LDL receptor, which crosses the membrane once and has its amino terminal on the exterior, is called a type I transmembrane protein. The asialoglycoprotein receptor, which also crosses the membrane once but has its carboxyl terminal on the exterior, is called a type II transmembrane protein. The various transporters indicated (eg, glucose) cross the membrane a number of times and are called type III transmembrane proteins they are also referred to as polytopic membrane proteins. (N, amino terminal C, carboxyl terminal.) (Adapted, with permission, from Wickner WT, Lodish HF Multiple mechanisms of protein insertion into and across membranes. Science 1985 230 400. Copyright 1985 by the American Association for the Advancement of Science.)...

Source Adapted and reproduced with permission from Ref. Copyright 1986 Pergamon Journals, Ltd. 

Fig. 6.3 Cluster model structure for Ru99Se54 showing the selenium bonding onto the ruthenium clusters (a) with a statistical distribution (b) with an ordered positioning. (Adapted with permission from [24]. Copyright 2009, American Chemical Society)...

Fig. 3 a UV-Vis DRS spectra of dehydrated TS-1 catalyst reporting the typical 208 nm (48000cm i) LMCT hand, see Fig. 2h also reported are the four excitation laser lines used in this Raman study near-lR (dotted), visible (full), near-UV (dashed) and far-UV (dot-dashed), b Raman spectra of dehydrated TS-1 obtained with four different lasers emitting at 7 = 1064,422,325, and 244 nm (dotted, full, dashed, and dot-dashed lines, respectively). Raman spectra have been vertically shifted for clarity. Although the intensity of each spectrum depends upon different factors, the evolution of the 7(1125)//(960) ratio by changing the laser source is remarkable. The inset reports the Raman spectrum collected with the 244 nm laser in its full scale, in order to appreciate the intensity of the 1125 cm enhanced mode. Adapted from [48] with permission. Copyright (2003) by The Owner Societies 2003... 

Fig. 4 a IR spectra, in the OH stretching region, of from top to bottom, TS-1 samples (full line spectra) with increasing Ti content, from 0 (silicalite-1, dashed spectrum) to 2.64 atoms per imit cell. All samples have been activated at 120 °C. Adapted from [24] with permission. Copyright (2001) by the ACS. b Schematic representation of the preferential location of Ti atoms and Si vacancies in the MFI framework (upper part) and their interplay (lower part). Yellow and red sticks represents Si and O of the regular MFI lattice blue balls refer to Ti, and red and white balls to O and H of defective internal OH groups... 

Fig. 5 XANES region, -weighted Fourier transformed of the raw EXAFS functions and the corresponding first shell filtered, Fourier back transform (a, b and c, respectively) of TS-1 activated at 400 °C (full lines), after interaction with water (wet sample, dashed lines) and after interaction with NH3 (Pnh3 = 50 Torr, dotted lines). Adapted from [64] with permission. Copyright (2002) by the ACS...

Fig. 7 Graphic representation of monodentate (rj, left) and bidentate right) TiOOH species). Adapted from [50] with permission. Copyright (2004) by Wiiey-VCH...

Scheme Representation of equiiibria between Ti04 framework species and H2O2/H2O soiutions a interaction with ionic species b interaction with moiecuiar species and subsequent formation of deprotonated moiecuie on the Ti04. Adapted from [49] with permission. Copyright (2004) by ACS...

Fig. 10 a UV-Vis DRS spectra of TS-1 (curve 1, full line), immediately after contact with H2O2/H2O solution (curve , dotted line), after time elapse of 24h (curve 3, dashed line) and after subsequent H2O dosage (curve 4, scattered squares), b as for a for the XANES spectra, c as for a for the -weighted, phase imcorrected, FT of the EXAFS spectra. Spectra 2-4 of b and c have been reordered at liquid nitrogen temperatime. Adapted from [49] with permission. Copyright (2004) by ACS... 

Fig. 11 High resolution XANES spectra collected at the GILDA BM8 heamline of the ESRF Grenoble (France) at liquid nitrogen temperatiu e on the TS-1 catalyst activated TS-1 catalyst (dotted line)-, after contact with anhydrous H2O2 from the gas phase (full line) after subsequent contact with water (scattered squares). Adapted from [50] with permission. Copyright (2004) by VCH...

Optimization sequence (experimental data, arbitrary units) Runs 1 and 2 are initial experiments. From run 3 to run 6 the amounts of A, B, G, and feed rate of G are fixed. These constraints are relaxed for runs 7 and 8. (Reprinted from Marchal-Brassely et al. (1992), Optimal operation of a semi-batch reactor by self-adaptive models for temperature and feed profiles . Copyright (1992), with permission from Elsevier Science). 

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