Copper toners

The Second World War again resulted in a shortage of tungsten and molybdenum and in an effort to overcome this the so-called copper toners were made by precipitating basic dyes with copper(II) hexacyanoferrate. The resulting products were less brilliant in colour... 

Those that replace the silver with another metal. The compounds produced are usually either ferricyanide (Formulas Toners Copper Toner, Dassonville T-5 Copper Toner) or iron (Formulas Blue Toners Ansco 241 Iron Blue Toner). These are also known as replacement toners. 

Formulas Toners Ansco 221 Sepia Toner). In some formulas, a copper bleach may be used, but this should not be confused with direct copper toners (see Direct Toners, above). 

Many colors and tones can be produced with copper toners both alone and in combination with other toners. A good one to try is Dassonville T-5 Copper Toner. It can be used for a... 

The most common bleaching agents are copper sulfate, potassium permanganate, potassium ferricyanide, and potassium or ammonium dichromate. Most B R toners require a darker print than usual as there is often a loss of density. However, this is not always the case as copper bleaches will intensify the print. 

Purplish to reddish-browns are usually the result of using some form of selenium or copper. Several formulas are commercially available. Among them are Berg Selenium Toner and Brown CopperToner , Ilford Selenium Toner , and Kodak Rapid Selenium Toner . 

Stilwell, D., Toner, M., and Sawhney, B. (2003). Dislodgeable copper, chromium, and arsenic from CCA-treated wood surfaces. Sci. Total Environ. 312, 123-131. 

Colorants are used in toners to provide color and control the electrostatic charge on toner particles. Diarylides and monoarylides have been used as the yellow pigments in colored toners. The magenta pigments are often quinacridones and the cyan pigments are copper phthalocyanines. 

Figure 41.1 la presents one layout of this integrated system as well as a typical electropherogram obtained on this device (Figure 41.11b). In addition to enhanced chip-to-chip repeatability, the use of integrated electrodes improved the signal-to-noise ratio. The use of toner masks for preparation of electrodes can be also extended to other EC modes such as amperometry, voltammetry, and potentiometry. Furthermore, the use of copper tapes as electrodes is limited to the classical format (antiparallel design), while the use of toner masks allows one to investigate different electrode design for C D.

Chem. Descrip. Flighly chlorinated copper phthalocyanine Uses Pigment toner for high-solids coatings, automotive, OEM, refinish, and industrial finishes... 

Concentration of powder in developer complex, mg/g Fig. XII.6. Specific charge on particles as a function of weight concentration of toner powder (curves 1-3) (1) SK-8 toner powder, copper carrier (2) same powder with nickel carrier (3) KSCh-4 toner powder, copper carrier. Curve 4 shows fraction of powder removed as a function of toner concentration. 

Uses fungicide pigment in paints reagent toner in photography. Copper metal is used in, e.g., dental alloys (cupric sulfate). ICU A... 

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