Copper phthalocyanine molecular structure

Three dimensional X-ray diffraction analysis has been employed to elucidate the molecular and crystal structure of Copper Phthalocyanine Blue ((3-modifica-tion). In all modifications, the planar and almost square phthalocyanine molecules are arranged like rolls of coins, i.e., in one dimensional stacks. The modifications vary only in terms of how these stacks are arranged relative to each other. One important aspect is the angle between staple axis and molecular plane. The a-phase features an angle of 24.7°, while the stacks in the -modification deviate by as much as 45.8° [13]. 

Figure 2 Molecular structure of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc)...

Figure 9. UHV-STM image of copper-phthalocyanine molecules showing fine structure of molecules. In the image is embedded HOMO calculated molecular scheme. Reprinted with permission from Ref. 81, CopxTight (1989) American Physical Society.

Another STM-UHV imaging success was the resolution of the internal structure of copper-phthalocyanine molecules. It was attained by Ogaki et al. under in situ conditions in 1996." They demonstrated an image of a specific modified porphyrin adsorbed on Ag(lll)-I surface, revealing the internal structure and molecular orientation in the ordered layer, as shown in Fig. 25. 

FIGURE 8.1 Molecular structures of some common conjugated polymers and small molecules (a) poly(p-phenylene vinylene), (b) polythiophenes, (c) MEH-PPV, (d) P3HT, (e) copper phthalocyanine, and (f) pentacene. 

The effect of a high radiation flux upon the structure of metal phthalo-cyanines has been investigated. Intensities of 1020 thermal neutrons/cm2 tend to convert crystalline copper phthalocyanine to an amorphous state 806). Bowden and Chadderton 86, 36), using the electron microscope, have discussed the disorder in the molecular array caused by fission damage. Tracks and dislocations due to the passage of individual fission fragments could be seen. 

Phthalocyanines (Pc) are another of the hrst reported families of organic semiconductors (Figure 3.1.9).[157,158] Their structures consists of a molecular cage, into which various metals can be introduced. Highly ordered, thermally evaporated thin hlms of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc, 25a) are p-channel semiconductors, with a... 

Anton Georgiev, Ilyana Karamancheva, Dejan Dimov, Ivailo Zhivkov, Erinche Spassova (2008) FUR study of the structures of vapor deposited PMDA-ODA film in presence of copper phthalocyanine. Journal of Molecular Structure. 888 214-233. 

The synthesis of copper phthalocyanine polymers was reported in the 1950s by Marvel and Rassweiler " and Drinkard and Bailar." Bailar reported that the reaction of pyromellitic dianhydride, copper(II), and urea in the presence of a catalytic amount of ammonium molybdate resulted in the production of oligomeric copper phthalocyanines." While it was postulated that the polymers had a linear structure (5), it is also possible that the polymer has a sheetlike structure (6). A number attempts were made to determine the molecular weights of these materials however, accurate values were not obtained. 

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