Copolymer Composition and Microstructure

For linear copolymers in which the sequence distribution is not specified, the recommended notation is poly (A-co-B). 

The general naming rules given above define the source-based nomenclature recommended by lUPAC [29]. There is another more detailed structure-based nomenclature that can be used when the exact copolymer structure is known, but this is rarely used, mainly because of the difficulty of experimentally determining the exact structure of a synthesized copolymer. 

Gradient copolymers are those in which an initial portion of the chain is rich in one monomer and poor in the other, and the concentration of this monomer gradually 

The following discussion is valid for chain copolymerization, regardless of the type of mechanism (radical, anionic, or cationic). The prediction of the copolymerization rate for 

From the mass balance for each monomer type, assuming that long chains are formed (long chain hypothesis or LCH), the monomers are mainly consumed in propagation reactions  

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Within the radical polymer field, two broad areas of application for ab initio kinetic modeling are model development and process optimization. The RAFT case study presented in this chapter is an example of the former type of application we are currently using the same ab initio approach to conventional radical polymerization to develop better models for predicting copolymer composition and microstructure, structural defect formation as a result of side reactions, and the effect of solvent and additives on the stereochemistry of the resulting polymer. 

When solvent effects on the propagation step occur in fi-ee-radical copolymerization reactions, they result not only in deviations from the expected overall propagation rate, but also in deviations from the expected copolymer composition and microstructure. This may be... 

It was Izu and O DriscolF who first formulated the equations describing the relationships between the equilibrium copolymer composition and microstructure, the equilibrium comonomer concentrations, and the equilibrium constants of the dyad model of copolymerization - the model most often used in the analysis of copolymerization processes. On analyzing the probabilities of finding copolymer units at various positions of copolymer chains, the authors obtained the following relationships ... 

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