Converting equipment

Paper may be coated either on equipment that is an integral part of the paper machine, ie, on-machine coating, or on separate converting equipment. Many plants include both types of coating equipment and utilize each to its maximum advantage for paper and paperboard. The combination of techniques is of particular value where more than one coating must be appHed to the sheet in order to obtain a product of desired quaUty. 

This is the one major property where there is an important difference between LPG vapor and natural gas. Natural gas is lighter than air propane and butane vapors are, respectively, one and half times and twice as heavy as air. This is important in two areas. First, when converting equipment mnning on natural gas to mn on propane or butane the amount of gas which issues from a fixed orifice at a fixed pressure is inversely proportional to the square... 

The final step in compounding involves taking the molten mixture of resin and additives, now called compound, and forming it into pellets. These pellets are typically conveyed to the converting equipment by pneumatic systems. To ensure that the material feeds into the converting equipment consistently, compounded pellets must be uniform in size, flow easily, and preferably have a smooth, slick surface. 

It is of interest to contrast the air levels expected from geochemical levels with those found experimentally. In the case of platium, a considerable interest was displayed over the possible contamination of the atmosphere by platinum from exhausts of catalytic converter-equipped automobiles. Since platinum compounds are known to be toxic and could conceivably escape from a catalytic converter into the air, it is possible... 

An item of concern to all, in evaluating an experiment, or in scaling up for pilot plant operation, is the electrical efficiency of a process. Care must be taken not to confuse equipment power factor with what might be called electrical efficiency of conversion, though both may contribute to the same end result. Power factor relates to ability to convert equipment input volt-amperes (not necessarily in phase) to available chemical-result-producing watts. This is a function of electrical equipment and electrical circuit design. 

CONVERTING EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION 66 Morris Avenue, Suite 2A, Springfield NJ 07081, (201) 379-1100. Fundamentals of Coating Equipment Technology, and other converting courses. 

Without Tension This — Edge Will Have A Slight Ripple in Converting Equipment. As Edge To Edge Guage Difference Increases, Ripple Wifi Become More Pronounced. 

Within the market, there is a growing trend towards thermoplastic composites. Thermoplastics are generally easier to convert with shorter cycle times. They reduce many of the limitations that traditional thermostats have, for example, in terms of handling of prepregs. Cycle times are the big gain and also the potential to use existing converting equipment. 

The workhorse resin used by many extruders is an octene comonomer linear low-density resin with a nominal density of 0.920 g/cuP and a melt index of 0.1 g/min. This resin offers a combination of reasonable clarity and toughness. It is also easy to process on most extrusion and converting equipment. 

The construction of new equipment with higher capacity and improved performance has been made possible by the excellent electrical, thermal and chemical properties of SFg. Changing from conventional dielectrics to sulfur hexafluoride, which is a nonflammable chemically inactive and nontoxic gas with high density, results in considerable space and weight savings. Improvements in the operational safety of converted equipment can also be achieved [41, 42]. 

Oxidation of SO2 to SO3 is accomplished in multi-stage fixed-bed catalytic converters equipped with interstage boilers or heat exchangers to remove the heat of reaction. Typically, four stages are compartmented within a single vertical converter, which may... 

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