Conversion to amines

A weak base such as carbazole gave a low conversion to amine adduct. No reaction took place with 2-pyrrolidone and acetamide. When bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (39) was used as the ligand, 1 1 adducts were formed (56). 

In contrast to the behaviour of linear PAM (10), optium conversion to amine occurred at a hypochlorite amide ratio of 1.5 1 (H21). At room temperature the reaction was essentially complete in 20 minutes (compare H10, 11,14). At 0°C the reaction is much slower (H17), but reasonable conversions are reached after about 120 minutes (H19). However, the very high conversions of Tanaka and Senju were not attained. Another difference from the behaviour of the linear polymer is that prior hydrolysis is disadvantageous (H13, H18). 

Amino-substituted (Mannich base) polymers can be prepared by reacting amide-containing polymers with formaldehyde and a suitable amine. Sugiyama and Kamogawa (16) treated PAM in aqueous solution with excess paraformaldehyde (50°C, lh) followed by excess dimethylamine (50°C, lh). This procedure gave 68% conversion to amine. Schiller and Suen (9) used a similar procedure with monomeric formaldehyde and various amines, but with excess PAM. Muller et al. (17) prepared monomeric amines from... 

A-Amine oxides can be reduced (deoxygenated) to tertiary amines. Such a reaction is very desirable, especially in aromatic nitrogen-containing heterocycles where conversion to amine oxides makes possible electrophilic substitution of the aromatic rings in different positions than it occurs in the parent heterocyclic compounds. The reduction is very easy and is accomplished by catalytic hydrogenation over palladium [736, 737], by borane [738], by iron in... 

The predominant application of reduction of amides lies in their conversion to amines, realized most often by hydrides and complex hydrides. Primary,... 

The superiority of the synthetics over the natural MDA-like sources is pronounced. "Aminization (chemical conversion to amine form) of plant oils heightens and clarifies mental effects and all but eliminates physical side effects often accompanying use of the botanicals. Users of the synthetics generally report increased relaxation, empathy and mental fluency, and many prefer this experience for being without the "distractions of the psychedelic visuals that are characteristic of LSD and mescaline. 

In the case of air staging, the conversion of fuel nitrogen in the fuel-rich zone follows a reaction path through the rapid initial formation of cyanides, their subsequent conversion to amines, and eventual conversion to molecular nitrogen (middle column in Fig. 2). The combustion is then completed in a fuel-lean zone by injecting additional amounts of combustion air. 

Conversion of organic azides with phosphines or phosphites to iminophosphoranes (phosphazo compounds) and their conversion to amines (see 1st edition). 

The heating of the autoclave is continued for 16 hr at 175°C, at which time the conversion to amine is practically complete. Some of the ammonia gas is vented to the absorption system, and when, the residual pressure on the autoclave has dropped to 200 lb, the pressure-relief line is closed, as it is then safe to effect a transfer of the charge from the autoclave to the ammonia still (containing the calculated quantity of hydrated lime) by means of the ipsidual autoclave pressure (see Fig. 8-22). 

The preparation of 2-aminoanthraquinone from silver salt presents no particularly difficult technical problems. Compared with the preparation of the amine from 2-chloroanthraquinone, this reaction may be carried out under distinctly milder conditions. The reactants NHs and anthra-quinone-2-sulfonic acid (Na salt) are both present in aqueous solution, and the conversion to amine takes place readily. 

The high water solubility of amine salts is important in biological systems. The body s buffer systems neutralize and solubilize amines by conversion to amine salts. Intravenous drugs containing the amino group are usually administered in the form of the amine salt instead of the amine to achieve faster absorption into the body. 

Condensation of the sodium enolate of acetylacetone 194 with carbethoxy-cyclopropyltriphenyl tetrafluoborate 195 led in high yield to acetylcyclopen-tenyl ester 196 and thence to ketal aldehyde 197. The latter with m-methoxy-phenethyl magnesium chloride 198 yielded allylic alcohol 199, which on Claisen rearrangement with dimethylacetamide dimethylacetal afforded amide 200. Conversion to amine, amine oxide, and Cope elimination then led to the desired... 

Uses Film-fanning mst preventive by conversion to metallic soaps lubricity agent by conversion of free add to esters emulsifier or demulsifier by conversion to amine or alkanolamine soaps conosion inhibitor by blending with other surfactants... 

Uses Film-forming rust preventive by conversion to metallic soaps oil-sol. lubricity agent by conversion of free acid to esters emulsifier or demulsifier by conversion to amine or alkanolamine soaps corrosion inhibitor Properties Solid m.w. 422 sp.gr. 0.864 dens. 7.2 Ib/gal m.p. 122 F i.b.p. 185 F flash pt. (COC) 343 F fire pt. (COC) 415 F acid no. 16 sapon. no. 32 Alox 102 [Gateway Addit.]... 

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