Conversion efhciency

Under full sunlight (air mass 1.5 global, intensity Is = l,000W/cm ), short circuit photo-currents ranging from 16 to 22mA/cm are reached with state-of-the art ruthenium sensitizers, while Voc is 0.7-0.86 V and the fill factor valnes 0.65-0.8. A certified overall power conversion efhciency of 10.4% was attained [62] in... 

The DSC shows higher conversion efhciency than pc-Si in diffuse light or cloudy conditions. 

A polymer tandem solar cell with 10.6% power conversion efhciency. Nat. Commun. 4,1446. 

Indium phosphide has been a successful material in the preparation of solid-state, photovoltaic, and photoelectrocatalytic electrochemical solar cells [237-240]. Photovoltaic soUd-state solar cells reach single-junction efHciencies above 24% [237]. When used as a photocathode in photoelectrochemical solar energy conversion, the material has shown excellent stability [239], related to the unique surface chemistry of the polar InP(lll) A-face that exposes In atoms only [240]. The photoelectrochemical conditioning of single-crystalline p-type InP with the aim of preparing efficient and stable photoelectrochemical solar cells for photovoltaic and photoelectrocatalytic operation is described in the following and the induced surface transformations are analyzed employing a variety of surface-sensitive methods. 

The efHciency of the energy conversion in the FC can be calculated by dividing the ceU voltage Uyc by the heating value voltage UlhvI... 

This process developed in the sixties and seventies is requiring high capacity chilling plant. Number of batch reactors, recovery of by product HCl gas producing large quantities of dilute Hydro chloric acid, low efhciency of conversion to ortho isomer and waste disposal in the effluent treatment plant. 

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