Glycosides Convallaria

The detection limits for Convallaria glycosides are 20 ng substance per chromatogram zone [16]. 

N.A. Convallaria majalis L. C. sepium L. Cardiac glycosides, cardenolides, convallotoxin, convalloside, convallatoxol, flavonoid glycosides." Affect in heart failure, regulate heart beat, lower blood pressure. 

Cardiac glycosides Adonis vemalis, Convallaria majalis, C. sepium, Euonymus atropurpureus, Strophanthus gratus, S. kombe... 

The dried roots and tops of lily of the valley, Convallaria majalis (Liliaceae/Convallariaceae), contain cardioactive glycosides (0.2-0.3%) and are used in some European countries rather than digitalis. The effects are similar, but the drug is less cumulative. This plant is widely cultivated as an ornamental, particularly for its intensely perfumed small white flowers, and must be considered potentially toxic. The major glycoside (40-50%) is convallatoxin (Figure 5.98), the rhamnoside of strophanthidin. 

Many plants containing cardioactive glycosides are widely grown as ornamentals and must be considered toxic and treated with due care and respect. These include Digitalis species, Convallaria majalis, Helleborus species, and oleander (Nerium oleander, Apocynaceae). 

The distribution of cardiac glycosides in the plant varies in different species. Digitalis is obtained from the leaves and seeds strophanthus, from the seeds squill, from the bulbs Convallaria, from the flowers and ouabaio, from the wood and bark. In addition, there are saponin bodies that do not show the typical digitalis effect on the heart but which are extracted along with the glycosides, which possess the cardiac actions. 

Cardiovascular, e.g. from foxglove (Digitalis), mistletoe (Viscum album)) and lily-of-the-valley (Convallaria) which contain cardiac glycosides that cause vomiting, diarrhoea and cardiac arrhythmia. 

Lily of the valley Convallaria majalis Cardioactive glycosides in root, flowers, leaves Bradycardia, A-V block Water from the cut flowers also toxic... 

The cardiac glycosides have up to now been isolated from a limited number of plant families Scrophuhridceae (Digitalis lanata), Apocynaceae (Strophanthus gratus, Nerium oleander), Hyacinthaceae (Urginea mar-itima), Convallariaceae (Convallaria majalis), and Ranunculaceae (Adonis vernalis). 

LILY-OF-THE-VALLEY Convallaria, majalis, L., Family Convallariaceae, contains about 20 cardiac glycosides the highest concentration occurs in flowers and berries, less in leaves and rhizome. Children have been intoxicated when they have eaten the red berries. After a latent period the symptoms are nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and possibly cardiac irregularities. The suggested use of Lily of the Valley flowers in salads is highly dangerous. 

Strophantliiis, Convallaria and Thevetia glycosides —3 blue-green fiuore.scence cymarin, cymarol, convallatoxin, peruvoside, g- and k-strophanthin. 

Liiy-of-the-vaiiey Convallaria majalis 1 Cardiac glycosides (see p 155)... 

The plants of this subfamily have rhizomes, not bulbs. Some genera such as Convallaria, Rhodea contain cardiac glycosides. 

Another milestone was achieved in 1944 by Maximilian Ehrenstein (1899-1968) at the University of Pennsylvania. He prepared in a twelve-step sequence a minute amount of 19-norprogesterone, starting from the cardiac glycoside strophanthidin, which is present in Uly of the valley (Convallariae herba), inter alia. [34]... 

Convallaria majalis long-term use or sensitive individuals cinchonism. Cardiac glycoside effects, diuresis Potentiation of digitalis... 

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