Controlled Transformations of Lignin into Potential Fuel Compounds

16% with 47% conversion of 5-HMF could be reached, leaving room for further improvements. 

9 Controlled Transformations of Lignin into Potential Fuel Compounds 

Compared to carbohydrate feedstocks, fewer studies have addressed the controlled transformation of lignin into potential fuel compounds. Zakzeski et al. published a comprehensive review summarizing the literature outlining the utilization of catalysts in the production of value-added products from lignin [110]. 

In such systems, a suitable balance between metal and acid-catalyzed reactions is essential [118, 119]. 

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