Water contour intervals

Fig. 1. Isoenergy contours of amino acids in water. Contour interval 1 Kcal/mole.

Figure 3. Generalized groundwater contour map for Rochester East and Rochester West topographic quadrangles. The 25-ft contour intervals show water elevations in overburden and may reflect some seasonal variations. Map width is 12.6 mi.

Figur 33 1 Physical and biological upwelling response simulated by the Wroblewski (1977) 2-dimensional coastal upwelling model (A) The circulation in the transverse plane normal to the coast, the bottom topography, and the wind stress. The maximum u and w velocities in the field are —2.9 cm s and 1.4 x 10 cm s , respectively. (B) The daily gross primary production of the water column. (C) The distribution of phytoplankton. Contour intervals are 1 jimol N 1. Redrawn with permission from Wroblewski (1977).

Figure 5 Electron densities of the two water monomers, oriented to coincide with the nuclear positions in the dimer arrangement (a) as in Fig. Id and (b) with molecules brought closer together. Contour intervals are 0.5 au.

Reservoir volume can be estimated, firstly, by planimetering areas upstream of the dam site for successive contours up to proposed top water level. Secondly, the area between two successive contours is multiplied by the contour interval to give the interval volume, the summation of the interval volumes providing the total volume of the reservoir site. 

Figure 2.29 The calculated pressure contours for a cylinder of X0233 immersed in water. The contour interval is 5 kbar. The peak detonation pressure is 160 kbar. The weak detonation is shown by the region of no contours near the detonation front.

It is estimated that between 1000 and 2500 m3 ha-1 of water are required to produce a rice crop in the southern US and generally less than one third of that requirement is met by rainfall [35]. Levees, which separate fields into bays, or paddies, and control flood depth (i.e., by use of gates or spills), are commonly constructed on contours that were surveyed on 3 to 6 cm vertical intervals. This creates winding, contour-shaped levees in fields that are not precision-leveled, whereas precision leveling to a uniform grade of 0.2% or less allows the construction of uniformly spaced, straight levees and may reduce the number of levees required [34]. 

Fig. 11. Averaged deformation density of Cr2(CH iC02)4 2H20 in the plane through the Cr—Cr bond and two acetyl and two water groups [10). Contours are at intervals of...

Figure 16 Distribution of calculated advective water ages (kyr) in the system. Water age contours correspond to constant variations of 10 yr between 0 Myr and 0.1 Myr and variations of 10 yr for time periods varying between 0.1 Myr and 1 Myr, each one of these intervals being represented by a different color, from the youngest (dark blue) to the oldest (red), which corresponds to ages higher than IMyr (Castro and Gohlet, 2003) (reproduced hy permission of American Geophysical Union from Water Resour. Res. 2003, 39, 1172).

Figure 4 Molecular electrostatic potential of water molecule, represented as a contour plot with intervals of 0.025 au. Red contours indicate regions of negative potential and blue represents positive, (a-b) Potential generated from full electron density, in and perpendicular to the molecular plane, respectively (c d) potential generated from point charges situated at three atomic positions (e-f) potential generated from point charges and dipoles situated at three atomic positions. (See color plate at end of chapter.)...

The vertical interval from the crest of the reservoir to the petrolenm water contact is termed the pay zone. Not ah of this interval may be prodnctive. It may also contain impermeable strata. Thns it is nsnal to differentiate between the gross pay and the net effective pay. The vertical interval from the crest of a reservoir to the lowest closing contour on a trap is termed the closnre. The lowest closing contonr is termed the spill plane. The nadir of the spiU plane is termed the spill point. Depending onthe amount of petroleum available a trap may or may not be full to the spill point. The term field is applied to a petroleum-productive area. An oil field may contain several separate pools. Apool is a petroleum accumulation with a single petroleum-water contact. 

Quantitative Study. Film the expanding hole using a video camera and trace the hole contours at regular time intervals (see Fig. 1.25). Show that R t) varies linearly, i.e., the holes expand at constant speed. The phenomenon can be slowed down by adding glycerol to the water to increase its viscosity. 

In the early twentieth century, scientists developed the first acoustical systems to study the ocean floor. Using sound emitters, oceanographers could determine the depth of ocean waters and the contours of the bottom by measuring the time interval between the emitting of a sound wave and its return to the emitter. One of the first uses of acoustical devices was a means to detect icebergs, developed... 

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