Continuous-membrane column schematic

Figure 8.1.48. Emulsion liquid membrane (a) a large emulsion globule containing many tiny droplets (b) continuous ELM process schematic (c) countercurrent ELM column for removing Zn from wastewater. (After Ho and Sirkar (2001), chaps. 36, 39.)...

Another approach to fraction collection is the use of an on-column frit structure or capillary fracture that depends on the electroosmotic flow to deposit the eluent in a continuous manner on a moving surface. Although this approach circumvents the dilution problem, the collection structures are complex and can result in the loss of some of the analyte. One commercially available fraction collection device couples CE with membrane fraction collection, without the need for frits or capillary fractures. The outlet vial holder can be removed and replaced with a wetted circular polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) disk, which enables the collection of eluted analytes and subsequent manipulations such as immunoblotting and microsequencing. Figure 6.13 shows a schematic diagram of the CE membrane fraction collector interface.74... 

Figure 2-5 is a schematic of apparatus for the measurement of osmotic pressure. A solution is separated from its pure solvent by a semipermeable membrane, which allows solvent molecules to pass but blocks solute. Both components arc at the same temperature, and the hydrostatic pressure on each is recorded by means of the heights of the corresponding fluids in capillary columns. The solute cannot distribute itself on both sides of the membrane. The solvent Hows initially, however, to dilute the solution, and this flow will continue until suflicient excess hydrostatic... 

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