Contamination nitrosamine source

Migration of nitrosamines into consumer products can occur via direct contact of materials such as waxed containers, elastic and rubber etc.81. Morpholine is used extensively as an industrial solvent for wax formulations. The wax formulations are used for coating fruits and vegetables to prevent moisture loss and increase shelf-life of the products. Paper and cardboard packed with morpholine was also found to give rise to NDMA, as these packaging materials were found to be contaminated with NDMA as well. Besides this, rubber products also provided a migratory source for both nitrosamines and nitros-able amine precursors, as trace levels of NDEA and TV-nitrosodibutylamine (NDBA) have been reported in cured meats with amine-based accelerators in the rubber nettings82. 

The contamination in beer with NOC was first reported in Germany in 197987. The contamination of beer occurs during the kilning (drying) process of malt88 and fermentation89, which leads to the occurrence of NDMS and NPYR. The nitrogen oxides were identified as a source of nitrosamine formation in the beer, formed by nitrosation of the alkaloids... 

Miscellaneous. Volatile nitrosamines can escape into the atmosphere from a variety of other sources. Automobile and diesel engine exhausts may contain N-nitroso compounds, including NDMA at trace levels (5). Nitrosodiethanolamine (NDEIA) is a likely air contaminant in machine shops which use cutting and grinding fluids contaminated with high concentrations of NDElA (10). Several herbicides, known to contain appreciable levels of volatile nitrosamines (9), are applied as aqueous sprays it is likely that worker exposure via inhalation may be appreciable. 

Uses/Sources. Research chemical impurity in herbicides treflan, isopropalin, and triflu-ralin contaminant in wastewater from chemical factories and production of cheese and brandy and other liquors. AT-nitrosamines are frequently produced during rubber processing and may be airborne in the workplace. 

Nitroso compounds in foods may also occur as exogenous contaminants migrating from different sources, such as certain types of elastomers or latex toys, teats and soothers. Another source of nitrosamines is tobacco smoke. 

In the United States, it is more common to use the product synthesis chemistry to predict which nitrosamines might logically be present, then determine these by specific methods. The methods normally used are GC with MS or thermal energy analyzer detection or HPLC with thermal energy analyzer detection. The pitfall in this approach is that nitrosamines can be present from unexpected sources such as contaminants or trace additives. Such nitrosamines will probably only be detected by the nonspecific methodology. 

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