Contaminants/contamination 1292 INDEX

Tolerable concentration (TC) of Health Canada (Health Canada, 2006) http //www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/pubs/contaminants/index e.html... 

USEPA (http //www.epa.gOv/safewater/contaminants/index.html primary). 

Sampled and monitored Gaofeng Mine water, monitoring of the 19 sampling points, the water Sb + maximum concentration of 2.41 mg/L, the lowest concentration of 0.06 mg/L, after a month of continuous monitoring and analysis of samples Sb + concentrations between 2.3 mg/L or so fluctuation, only several sampling points Sb + concentration was 0.06 mg/L 2.2mg/L. Except Sb + concentration in excess of the rest reached the standards. Main contaminant indexes of mine water from Gaofeng Mine in south China are shown in Table 1. 

Table 1. Main contaminant indexes of mine water fix)m Gaofeng Mine in south... 

Figure 18-9. Correlation between contamination-index and human sfeel.

Figure 18-9 shows the relation between the Contamination-index and the degree of contamination on an ascending risk scale of 1 to 5 of man s feeling. A good correlation is found between them. 

The level of the contamination on a windowpane which causes us to feel that the win-dowpane needs cleaning up is near 10 of the Contamination-index. Although the frequency of cleaning of a windowpane depends on the individual or purposes of the building, it is believed that this number may be useful as a temporary standard. 

Figure 18-12 shows the plot of Contamination-indexes and the precipitation data in Chiba area, hi this test, the samples have been sprayed with water every 2 weeks. Compared with the result in Osaka, the influence of precipitation is little. The difference betwem the... 

New catalyst has a contamination index of about 75, fairly clean equilibrium catalyst 150, fairly badly contaminated 750, and heavily contaminated 900 to 1,500. 

Viable glass fibers for optical communication are made from glass of an extremely high purity as well as a precise refractive index stmcture. The first fibers produced for this purpose in the 1960s attempted to improve on the quahty of traditional optical glasses, which at that time exhibited losses on the order of 1000 dB/km. To achieve optical transmission over sufficient distance to be competitive with existing systems, the optical losses had to be reduced to below 20 dB/km. It was realized that impurities such as transition-metal ion contamination in this glass must be reduced to unprecedented levels (see Fig. 

As computing capabiUty has improved, the need for automated methods of determining connectivity indexes, as well as group compositions and other stmctural parameters, for existing databases of chemical species has increased in importance. New naming techniques, such as SMILES, have been proposed which can be easily translated to these indexes and parameters by computer algorithms. Discussions of the more recent work in this area are available (281,282). SMILES has been used to input Contaminant stmctures into an expert system for aquatic toxicity prediction by generating LSER parameter values (243,258). 

A d.c. insulation resistance test or polarization index reveals only the surface condition of the insulation and does not allow a realistic assessment of internal condition. Loss tangent values are true reflections of the insulation condition to detect moisture content, voids, cracks or general deterioration. The tan 5 versus test voltage curve may be drawn and compared with the original curve provided by the manufacturer, and inferences drawn regarding the condition of the insulation. The different starting tan lvalues will reveal the condition of the insulation in terms of amount of contamination, as noted in Table 10.4 (See lEE, Vol. 127, May 1980). 

One of the commonly used ventilation parameters is ventilation effectiveness, and it shows how certain regions in the room are influenced by contaminant sources introduced into the room. Three definitions of ventilation effectiveness are often used, namely, the ventilation effectiveness in the occupied zone the local ventilation index and the mean ventilation effectiveness They are defined as... 

Soiling index The degree of soiling of a filter paper fitted in a sampling device tluough which a contaminated gas has been passed. 

In California, a Iiazard index greater tlian 0.5 is considered to be significant. Tlicrcforc, if. xj lcnc was tlie only contaminant at tlie gas station, the long tcnii exposure could be considered liazardous, but the sliort tenn exposure to the emissions near tlie pump niiglit not. 

USEPA] US Envhonmental Protection Agency. 2000. Guidance for assessing chemical contamination data for use in fish advisories. Vol. 1 Fish sampling and analysis, 3rd ed. Washington, DC USEPA Office of Water. EPA 823-B-00-007. http //www.epa.gov/ waterscience/fishadvice/volumel/index.html... 

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