Containment effluent management

Generally, the process liquid effluents released in the metallurgical industry are manageable both in quantity and quality. The process liquid effluent consists of water containing small amounts of dissolved solids, and extensive recycling of the effluent is carried out with a view not only to obtain zero effluent discharge but also to minimize freshwater input to the plant... 

Reverse osmosis also serves some of the waste management and resource recovery needs in the metals and metal finishing industry. Effluent streams from mining and plating operations containing heavy metals, acids, and other chemicals can be treated with reverse osmosis to recover both the metal as its salt, and purified water for reuse. For metal ion recovery from dilute solutions, however, reverse osmosis faces competition from conventional solvent extraction, membrane-based solvent extraction, and its variant, coupled transport (see Section V.F.3). 

Radioactive waste management involves the treatment, storage, and disposal of liquid, airborne, and solid effluents from the nuclear industry s operations, along with those from other activities that employ the radioactive products. Its strategy involves four approaches limit generation, delay and decay, concentrate and contain, and dilute and disperse. Combinations of all four of these usually are employed to manage each waste stream.39... 

Hazardous wastes range from synthetic organic chemicals to heavy or toxic metals, to inorganic sludges, to solvents, to dilute aqueous streams. They may be solid, liquid, or gaseous they may be pure materials, complex mixtures, residues and effluents from operations, discarded products, or contaminated containers or soil. Most liazardous wastes are managed on the site where they are generated, mere so in some btates and... 

A. 1218. All normal potential radiation sources (contained and airborne) due to reactor operation and all potential radiation sources throughout the facility that can be identified shall be catalogued in this section. These sources are used as bases for shielding calculations, design of ventilation systems, dose assessment, waste management and determination of effluent releases. 

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