Constipation typhoid fever

Typhoid fever is caused by Salmonella typhii bacilli. The condition has an incubation period of about 5-23 days. Classic symptoms of typhoid fever include headache, abdominal pain with constipation or diarrhoea. Rose-coloured spots and macular rashes on the abdomen are characteristic of typhoid fever. 

The onset of symptoms of Salmonella gastroenteritis is usually 6-72 h. Acute symptoms may last for 1-2 days or may be prolonged depending on host factors, ingested dose, and strain. Arthritic symptoms may occur 3 weeks after onset of acute symptoms. Symptoms are more severe in the elderly, infants, and immunocompromised individuals. S. typhi and S. paratyphi A, B, and C produce typhoid and typhoid-like symptoms in humans. Enteric fever (typhoid fever) may develop other symptoms include anorexia, abdominal pain, malaise, myalgias, headache, cough, diarrhea or constipation, and... 

Typhoid fever is an illness caused by infection with Salmonella typhi. Typhoid is spread via the fecal-oral route. Clinical illness in its severe form is characterized by gradually rising fever that reaches 39 to 41°C (102.2 to 105.8°F) and persists for up to 2 weeks. Headaches, abdominal discomfort, malaise, myalgia, and anorexia usually are present. Older children and adults usually have constipation, whereas diarrhea is common in infants. Complications include intestinal perforation and hemorrhage. Between 2% and 5% of patients become chronic gallbladder carriers of S. typhi. 

Systemic and local immune responses, humoral and cellular, are mounted by the host but these are not associated with host protection. Necrosis of Peyer s patches, which may lead to intestinal perforation, is attributed to interaction of bacterial factors and host immune response. It is also interest that in typhoid fever there is no strong association with HIV infection, whereas in HIV infection there is an increased incidence of non-typhi Salmonella infection. Headache, pharyngitis and arthralgia may be present. Gastrointestinal symptoms are usually constipation, abdominal pain and tenderness. Other symptoms which may occur are diarrhea, the pea soup type containing inflammatory mononuclear cells. The biliary tree and liver is involved presenting cholecystitis and hepatitis. Splenomegaly may develop. 

Agent Index A340 Class Index C26 Typhoid Feve Salmonella typhi Type Bacteria Insidious onset of sustained fever, severe headache, malaise, loss of appetite, and usually constipation (although it may cause diarrhea). Individuals may become asymptomatic carriers capable of spreading the disease (e.g. Typhoid Mary). Routes Ingestion Secondary Hazards Fecal Vector (mechanical) Incubation 3 to 90 days Mortality Rate < 10% Reservoir Humans Direct Person-to-Person Transmission is possible (fecal/oral). 

Typhoid, caused by S. typhi infection, presents as a high stepwise fever associated with bacteraemia and development of the pathognomonic signs of a truncal rash with salmon-coloured maculopapular lesions after around 1 week. Typical symptoms also include myalgias, abdominal pain and constipation. 

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