Congress in Karlsruhe

As a result of this confusion, Kekule conceived the idea of calling an international meeting of chemists to consider the problems besetting their subject. In 1859 he discussed this proposal with his friend Carl Welzein (1813-1870), who was professor of chemistry at the Technische Hochschule in Karlsruhe. Welzein undertook to organise an International Chemical Congress in Karlsruhe the following year. Welzein s letter of invitation, sent to all the prominent chemists of Europe, commenced ... 

The picture was drawn in 1864. The first International Chemistry Congress had taken place in Karlsruhe in 1860. The atomic weights had been agreed upon. Indium was discovered in 1863 and already added to the ranks of the 64 known elements. The discoverers still had the right to name the compounds they uncovered. And how were the elements ordered The elements were listed ac-... 

In December 1860 Mendeleev attended the congress of chemists in Karlsruhe, where he heard Cannizzaro speak and read his pamphlet. The congress took place near the end of Mendeleev s stay in Europe. Some three months later he was summoned to St. Petersburg to teach a course in organic chemistry. He was now 27 years old, and his publications in German and French scientific journals were making him known outside of Russia. However, he had not yet embarked on the research that was to make his name known throughout the world. 

Electrochemical Society congress in Leipzig, Haber published a new textbook on electrochemistry. A senior professor at Karlsruhe had discouraged Haber from taking on the ambitious project, predicting that he would embarrass himself, but the opposite occurred. Influential colleagues praised it as a novel synthesis of electrochemistry s two distinct sides, the practical and the... 

Gorak, A., Wozny, G., and Jeromin, L., Industrial Application of the Rate-Based Approach for Multicomponent Distillation Simulation, Proceedings of the 4th World Congress in Chemical Engineering, Karlsruhe, Germany, 1991. 

DeAlUt, Clara (1965). The Congress at Karlsruhe. In Selected Readings in the History of Chemistry, ed. Aaron J. Ihde and Wilham F. Kieffer. Easton, PA Division of Chemical Education of the American Chemical Society. 

After Williamson and Gerhardt had used atomic weights based on definite principles, Kekule proposed a congress, which met for three days in September i860 in Karlsruhe, at the invitation of Weltzien. No agreement was... 

Cannizzaro, Stanislao (1826-1910) Italian chemist. Cannizzaro was responsible for reviving interest in the ideas of Amedeo avogadro in a pamphlet published in 1858 and in an address to the Chemical Congress at Karlsruhe, Germany. His pamphlet clarified the concepts of atomic and molecular weights and also showed how the molecular weight (now termed relative molecular mass) of a compound could be determined by measuring its vapor density. He also discovered the... 

Bart H, Morr R, Burtscher K (1991) Absorption of NOx and SO2 without waste products Abstract 35-13, 4th World Congress in Chem Eng, Karlsruhe... 

In a jungle of obscure and exotic terminology, it was often difficult to read chemical texts. In 1860, during probably the first international Chemical congress, held in Karlsruhe, participants tried to put an end to these deep differences on words and symbols that harmed communication and discussion. It raised a fundamental theoretical issue for the agreement on figures and formulas to be subordinated as well as the definitions of basic concepts atoms, molecules and equivalents. Moreover it materialized the existence of an international chemical community and defined the rules for its functioning... 

In 1860 an international congress held in Karlsruhe served to rationalize chemists views on the meaning of atom and molecule and also led to a consistent set of atomic weights, the latter being due to Cannizzaro. With this information in place, the stage was set for the independent discovery of the periodic system by six individuals, culminating in the work of Lothar Meyer and Dimitri Mendeleev in Germany and Russia respectively. 

Mersmann and Geisler, R., 1991. DeteiTnination of the local turbulent energy dissipation rates in stirred vessels and its significance for different mixing tasks. In 4th World Congress of Chemical Engineering. Karlsruhe, Germany. 

Kovalick, W. (1991). Perspectives on health and environmental risks of soil pollution and experiences with innovative remediation technologies. In Abstracts of the 4th World Congress of Chemical Engineering, abstr. 3.3-1. Karlsruhe, Germany. 

G Eigenberger, Tasks and Trends in Chemical Reaction Engineering , Proc IVth World Congress of Chem Eng (Karlsruhe, 1991), DECHEMA, Frankfurt, 1992, 1082-1102... 

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